Editing Hohenstaufen (section)

==Name==
[[File:Hohenstaufen Castle Ruins.jpg|thumb|The [[Hohenstaufen Castle]] ruin]]
The name Hohenstaufen was first used in the 14th century to distinguish the 'high' (''hohen'') [[conical hill]] named [[Hohenstaufen (mountain)|Staufen]] in the [[Swabian Jura]] (in the district of [[Göppingen (district)|Göppingen]]) from the village of the same name in the valley below. The new name was applied to the [[hill castle]] of [[Hohenstaufen Castle|Staufen]] by historians only in the 19th century to distinguish it from other castles of the same name. The name of the dynasty followed suit, but in recent decades, the trend in German [[historiography]] has been to prefer the name 'Staufer', which is closer to contemporary usage.<ref name=EF>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Enciclopedia fridericiana |title=Hohenstaufen, famiglia |author=Hansmartin Schwarzmaier |year=2005 |location=Rome |publisher=Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana |postscript=. Translated by Maria Paola Arena |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/famiglia-hohenstaufen_%28Federiciana%29/}}</ref><ref name=grin/>

The name 'Staufen' itself derives from ''Stauf'' ([[Old High German|OHG]] ''stouf'', akin to [[Early Modern English]] [[wiktionary:stoup|stoup]]), meaning '[[chalice]]'. This term was commonly applied to conical hills in Swabia during the Middle Ages.<ref name=EF/> It is a contemporary term for both the hill and the castle, although its spelling in the [[Medieval Latin|Latin]] documents of the time varies considerably: {{Lang|la-x-medieval|Sthouf, Stophe, Stophen, Stoyphe, Estufin}}, etc. The castle was built or at least acquired by Duke [[Frederick I of Swabia]] in the latter half of the 11th century.<ref name=Freed>John B. Freed, ''Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth'' (Yale University Press, 2016), pp. 5–6.</ref><ref name="Keller1823">{{cite book|author=Adelbert von Keller|title=Ein Tag auf Hohenstaufen Oder die schwäbischen Pilger: Eine kleine dramatische Skizze für Familienkreise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GJs6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA55|year=1823|publisher=Schwan|pages=55–}}</ref>

Members of the family occasionally used the [[toponymic surname]] ''de Stauf'' or variants thereof. Only in the 13th century would the name come to be applied to the family as a whole. Around 1215, a chronicler referred to the "emperors of Stauf". In 1247, the Emperor Frederick II himself referred to his family as the ''domus Stoffensis'' (Staufer house), but this was an isolated instance. [[Otto of Freising]] (d. 1158) associated the Staufer with the town of [[Waiblingen]], and around 1230, [[Burchard of Ursberg]] referred to the Staufer as of the "royal lineage of the Waiblingens" (''regia stirps Waiblingensium''). The exact connection between the family and Waiblingen is not clear, but as a name for the family, it became very popular. The pro-imperial [[Ghibelline]] faction of the Italian civic rivalries of the 13th and 14th centuries derived its name from Waiblingen.<ref name=Freed/><ref name=grin/>

In Italian historiography, the Staufer are known as the ''Svevi'' (Swabians).<ref name=EF/>