Editing Hippocrates (section)

==Biography==
[[File:Hippocrate refusant les présents d'Artaxerxès (original).JPG|thumb|upright=1.5|Illustration of the story of Hippocrates refusing the presents of the [[Achaemenid]] Emperor [[Artaxerxes II of Persia|Artaxerxes]], who was asking for his services. Painted by [[Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson|Girodet]], 1792.<ref>{{harvnb|Pinault|1992|p=79}}</ref>]]
Historians agree that Hippocrates was born around the year 460 BC on the Greek island of [[Kos]]; other biographical information, however, is likely to be untrue.<ref>{{Harvnb|Nuland|1988|p=4}}</ref>

[[Soranus of Ephesus]], a 2nd-century Greek [[physician]],<ref name="BCE">{{Harvnb|Britannica Concise Encyclopedia|2006}}</ref> was Hippocrates's first biographer and is the source of most personal information about him. Later biographies are in the ''[[Suda]]'' of the 10th century AD, and in the works of [[John Tzetzes]], which date from the 12th century AD.<ref name="garrison9293"/><ref name="nuland7">{{Harvnb|Nuland|1988|p=7}}</ref> Hippocrates is mentioned in passing in the writings of two contemporaries: in [[Plato]]'s dialogues ''[[Protagoras (dialogue)|Protagoras]]'' and ''[[Phaedrus (dialogue)|Phaedrus]]'',<ref>{{harvnb|Jones|1868|p=28}}</ref> and in [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Politics (Aristotle)|Politics]]'', all of which date from the 4th century BC.<ref>Aristotle, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0058:book=7:section=1326a&highlight=hippocrates ''Politics'' VII. 1326a.]</ref>

Soranus wrote that Hippocrates's father was [[Heraclides (physician)|Heraclides]], a physician, and his mother was Praxitela, daughter of Tizane. The two sons of Hippocrates, [[Thessalus (physician)|Thessalus]] and [[Draco (physician)|Draco]], and his son-in-law, [[Polybus (physician)|Polybus]], were his students. According to [[Galen]], a later physician, Polybus was Hippocrates's true successor, while Thessalus and Draco each had a son named [[Hippocrates (physician)|Hippocrates]] (Hippocrates III and IV).<ref name="adams19">{{Harvnb|Adams|1891|p=19}}</ref><ref name="margotta66">{{Harvnb|Margotta|1968|p=66}}</ref>

Soranus said that Hippocrates learned medicine from his father and grandfather ([[Hippocrates (physicians)|Hippocrates I]]), and studied other subjects with [[Democritus]] and [[Gorgias]]. Hippocrates was probably trained at the [[Asclepieion|asklepieion]] of Kos, and took lessons from the [[Thrace|Thracian]] physician [[Herodicus|Herodicus of Selymbria]]. Plato mentions Hippocrates in two of his dialogues: in ''[[Protagoras (dialogue)|Protagoras]]'', Plato describes Hippocrates as "Hippocrates of Kos, the [[Asclepiad (Greek)|Asclepiad]]";<ref name="marti86">{{Harvnb|Martí-Ibáñez|1961|pp=86–87}}</ref><ref>[[#Plato380|Plato 380 B.C.]]</ref> while in ''[[Phaedrus (dialogue)|Phaedrus]]'', Plato suggests that "Hippocrates the Asclepiad" thought that a complete knowledge of the nature of the body was necessary for medicine.<ref>[[#Plato360|Plato 360 B.C. 270c]]</ref> Hippocrates taught and practiced medicine throughout his life, traveling at least as far as [[Thessaly]], [[Thrace]], and the [[Sea of Marmara]]. Several different accounts of his death exist. He died, probably in [[Larissa]], at the age of 83, 85 or 90, though some say he lived to be well over 100.<ref name="margotta66"/>