Editing Hippie (section)

==Etymology==
{{main|Hippie (etymology)}}
[[File:RussianRainbowGathering 4Aug2005.jpg|thumb|upright|Contemporary hippie at the [[Rainbow Gathering]] in Russia, 2005]]

Lexicographer [[Jesse Sheidlower]], the principal American editor of the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', argues that the terms ''hipster'' and ''hippie'' are derived from the word ''[[hip (slang)|hip]]'', whose origins are unknown.<ref>{{Citation
 | last = Vitaljich
 | first = Shaun
 | date = December 8, 2004
 | title = Crying Wolof
 | publisher = [[Slate Magazine]]
 | url = http://www.slate.com/id/2110811/
 | access-date = 2007-05-07
}}</ref> The word ''hip'' in the sense of "aware, in the know" is first attested in a 1902 cartoon by [[Tad Dorgan]],<ref>Jonathan Lighter, ''Random House Dictionary of Historical Slang''</ref> and first appeared in prose in a 1904 novel by [[George V. Hobart|George Vere Hobart]]<ref>George Vere Hobart (January 16, 1867 – January 31, 1926)</ref> (1867–1926), ''Jim Hickey: A Story of the One-Night Stands'', where an African-American character uses the slang phrase "Are you hip?"

The term ''hipster'' was coined by [[Harry Gibson]] in 1944.<ref name="Harry The Hipster Gibson 1986">{{Citation
 | author = Harry "The Hipster" Gibson
 | year = 1986| title = Everybody's Crazy But Me646456456654151
 | series = The Hipster Story
 | publisher = Progressive Records
 | url = http://www.hyzercreek.com/harryautobio.htm
 | author-link = Harry Gibson
}}</ref> By the 1940s, the terms ''hip'', ''hep'' and ''hepcat'' were popular in Harlem [[jazz]] slang, although ''hep'' eventually came to denote an inferior status to ''hip''.<ref>Harry Gibson wrote: ''"At that time musicians used jive talk among themselves and many customers were picking up on it. One of these words was ''hep'' which described someone in the know. When lots of people started using ''hep'', musicians changed to ''hip''. I started calling people ''hipsters'' and greeted customers who dug the kind of jazz we were playing as 'all you hipsters.' Musicians at the club began calling me ''Harry the Hipster''; so I wrote a new tune called 'Handsome Harry the Hipster.'"'' -- "Everybody's Crazy But Me" (1986).</ref> In [[Greenwich Village]] in the early 1960s, [[New York City]], young [[counterculture]] advocates were named ''hips'' because they were considered "in the know" or "cool", as opposed to being ''[[Square (slang)|square]]'', meaning conventional and old-fashioned. In the April 27, 1961 issue of ''[[The Village Voice]]'', "An open letter to JFK & Fidel Castro", Norman Mailer utilizes the term hippies, in questioning JFK's behavior.  In a 1961 essay, [[Kenneth Rexroth]] used both the terms ''hipster'' and ''hippies'' to refer to young people participating in black American or [[Beatnik]] nightlife.<ref>Rexroth, Kenneth. (1961). "[http://www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/jazz2.htm What's Wrong with the Clubs]." ''Metronome''. Reprinted in ''Assays''</ref> According to [[Malcolm X]]'s 1964 autobiography, the word ''hippie'' in 1940s [[Harlem]] had been used to describe a [[wigger|specific type of white man]] who "acted more [[Negro]] than Negroes".<ref>{{harvnb|Booth|2004|p=212}}.</ref> [[Andrew Loog Oldham]] refers to "all the Chicago hippies," seemingly about black blues/R&B musicians, in his rear [[Liner notes|sleeve notes]] to the 1965 LP ''[[The Rolling Stones, Now!]]''

Although the word ''hippies'' made other isolated appearances in print during the early 1960s, the first use of the term on the West Coast appeared in the article "A New Paradise for [[Beatniks]]" (in the ''[[The San Francisco Examiner|San Francisco Examiner]]'', issue of September 5, 1965) by San Francisco journalist Michael Fallon. In that article, Fallon wrote about the Blue Unicorn Cafe ([[coffeehouse]]) (located at 1927 Hayes Street in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco), using the term ''hippie'' to refer to the new generation of beatniks who had moved from [[North Beach, San Francisco|North Beach]] into the [[Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco, California|Haight-Ashbury]] district.<ref name=pc42>{{Gilliland |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19801/m1/ |title=Show 42 - The Acid Test: Defining 'hippy' |show=42 |track=1}}</ref><ref>Use of the term "hippie" did not become widespread in the [[mass media]] until early 1967, after ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' columnist [[Herb Caen]] began to use the term; See "Take a Hippie to Lunch Today", S.F. Chronicle, January 20, 1967, p. 37. San Francisco Chronicle, January 18, 1967 column, p. 27</ref>