Editing Hildale, Utah (section)

==History==
Hildale, formerly known as [[Short Creek Community]], was founded in 1913<ref name="Zoellner J1">{{citation |last=Zoellner |first=Tom |title=Polygamy: Throughout its history, Colorado City has been home for those who believe in virtues of plural marriage |date=June 28, 1998 |newspaper=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |page=J1 |url=http://www.sltrib.com/1998/jun/06281998/sunday_a/sunday_a.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000505002302/http://www.sltrib.com/1998/jun/06281998/sunday_a/sunday_a.htm |archive-date=May 5, 2000 |id=Archive Article ID: 100F28A4D3D36BEC ([[NewsBank]])}}</ref> by members of the [[Council of Friends (Woolley)|Council of Friends]], a breakaway group from the [[Salt Lake City]]–based [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelly |first=David |date=June 14, 2022 |title=A real estate boom transforms a community with a polygamist past |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-06-14/with-its-polygamist-rulers-gone-a-community-makes-a-comeback |access-date=June 18, 2022 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Hildale and its border city of [[Colorado City, Arizona]], have an interwoven history with their shared claims of "Short Creek."

=== Early years ===
In 1914 a small school was built, followed by a post office. Much of Hildale's history is wrapped up in its association with the [[Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]] (FLDS), and two additional polygamist breakoffs. Throughout the majority of its history, community members faced scrutiny and government intervention. In 1953 Arizona Governor [[John Howard Pyle]] ordered a raid of the surrounding community which led to many arrests. The following year, the Utah government attempted the same. The two events are collectively known as The [[Short Creek raid]]s. Utah continued its enforcement by separating children from Families, starting with the family of Vera Black.<ref>Driggs, Ken (Winter 1992). "Who Shall Raise the Children? Vera Black and the Rights of Polygamous Utah Parents". ''[[Utah Historical Quarterly]]''. '''60''' (1): 27–46. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/45063508. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 45063508. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 254436238.</ref>

The FLDS church's private trust, which evolved into a charitable trust, was the [[United Effort Plan]]. A major component of that trust included members of the church "consecrating", or donating, their property to the trust, with the understanding it would be put to its best use. Because of this practice, and increasing wealth that the trust purchased property, a vast majority of the real property in Hildale was controlled by single legal entity which wielded quite a bit of power, and influenced land-use decisions. The majority of the area was developed as very low-density, with large homes to accommodate complex family structures, and a great deal of agricultural land.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Barlow |first=Richard J. |date=2017-05-31 |title=2018 Hildale City Proposed Budget: Condensed History of Hildale |url=https://www.hildalecity.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/city_administration/page/2460/2018-hildale-city-adopted-budget.pdf |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Hildale City}}</ref> After the trust's control was taken by Utah in 2005, then transitioned back to a board, the large square footage homes that originally housed multiple families, has complicated the homes being transitioned back for private use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More Information |url=https://ueptrust.com/info/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=ueptrust.com}}</ref>

Hildale eventually incorporated as a town in 1963, and a city in 1990.

=== Warren Jeffs controversy ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2024}}
In January 2004 [[Warren Jeffs]], the Prophet of the FLDS church and a major community leader, consolidated power within the UEP, and the church. This included the excommunication of many male members of the faith group, who were then expected to leave the community immediately, since their land and homes were operated by the Trust. While this practice had affected the city in small numbers before, this singular event led to increased attention to the community, and scrutiny of the Trust's control. When Jeffs was later accused of federal crimes in 2005, and became a fugitive, the Utah attorney general's office temporarily seized control of the assets of the Trust (which also included land in Arizona, Texas, British Columbia and elsewhere.)

On April 6, 2010, Arizona officials executed search warrants at governmental offices of the towns of Colorado City, Arizona and Hildale, Utah. According to one report, the warrants involved the misuse of funds and caused the Hildale Public Safety Department to be shut down. According to another report, city personnel and volunteers were ordered out of the buildings while the search was being conducted, prompting protests from Colorado City Fire Chief Jake Barlow. Then in June 2014, the Arizona Office of the Attorney General filed a motion in U.S. District Court seeking to dissolve the local police forces and "the disbandment of the Colorado City, Arizona/Hildale, Utah Marshal's Office and the appointment of a federal monitor over municipal functions and services." As the basis for the legal proceeding, the Arizona Attorney General stated that "[t]he disbandment of the Colorado City/Hildale Marshal's Office is necessary and appropriate because this police department has operated for decades, and continues to operate, as the de facto law enforcement arm of the FLDS Church."

=== Flash flood ===
During a [[flash flood]] on September 14, 2015, at least 12 members of two related families from the community were killed while stopped in a [[low water crossing]] at the mouth of Maxwell Canyon in Hildale. A thirteenth person was still missing as of March 16, 2021.<ref name="spectrum1">{{cite news |last1=DeMille |first1=David |date=September 15, 2015 |title=Hildale tragedy adds to So. Utah's sad history with floods |url=http://www.thespectrum.com/story/news/2015/09/15/hildale-tragedy-adds-so-utahs-sad-history-floods/72324698/ |access-date=September 16, 2015 |work=The (St. George, UT) Spectrum}}</ref><ref name="deseret1">{{cite news |last1=Reavy |first1=Pat |date=September 16, 2015 |title=16, possibly 20 die in devastating southern Utah flash floods |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865636814/10-bodies-recovered-in-Hildale-flash-flood-as-search-continues-for-3-more.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916174157/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865636814/10-bodies-recovered-in-Hildale-flash-flood-as-search-continues-for-3-more.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 16, 2015 |access-date=September 16, 2015 |work=Deseret News}}</ref><ref name="spectrum2">{{cite news |date=September 15, 2015 |title=Details on victims of Hildale flash flood |url=http://www.thespectrum.com/videos/news/local/arizona/2015/09/16/32508467/ |access-date=September 16, 2015 |work=The (St. George, UT) Spectrum}}</ref> The flooding resulted from the moisture from [[2015 Utah floods|Hurricane Linda]].

=== Religious discrimination charges ===
In 2016, in ''United States V. Town of Colorado City Arizona'', of which Hildale was also a defendant, the jury found that both cities, and associated corporations had violated various provisions of the Policing Act, The Fair Housing Act, and had multiple violations of discrimination against people who were not in good favor of the FLDS church, and its leaders.
{{Blockquote|text=“engaged in a pattern or practice of conduct that violated the federal Fair Housing Act by:” making housing unavailable or denying housing opportunities to individuals because of religion[;] discriminating against non-FLDS individuals in the terms, conditions, or privileges of the sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith, because of religion[; and] coercing, intimidating, threatening, or interfering with an individual in the exercise or enjoyment of the right to equal housing opportunities or the right to equal treatment in the terms, conditions, privileges, and services in connection with housing, or on account of that individual having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or enjoyment of those rights.|title=UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vs. TOWN OF COLORADO CITY, ARIZONA, et al}}

=== Post-Warren Jeffs leadership ===
The Hildale land held by the UEP, under government oversight, was being offered to beneficiaries who could prove they had possessed the land, or otherwise had valid claims to it. Distrust of government officials left much of the land unclaimed. People who had left the FLDS church in previous decades, including some "[[Lost boys (Mormon fundamentalism)|lost boys]]",  began returning to accept these claims which has led to a major population shift.

In 2017, [[Donia Jessop]] who had left the church and returned just the year before to Hildale, ran successfully for mayor.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sanders |first=Ash |date=2018-05-23 |title=From Polygamy to Democracy: Inside a Fundamentalist Mormon Town |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/from-polygamy-to-democracy-inside-a-fundamentalist-mormon-town-628204/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> This was the first time in the community's history that both a woman had been elected, and the first time a non-member of the FLDS faith had been elected. The election received major pushback, with the current serving government initially locking her out of the offices and refusing her entry. 15 employees and board members would go on to resign before she was sworn in, refusing to work with her. In 2018, on the day of her swearing in, in an act of protest, all the remaining city council members who were within the FLDS church resigned. Combined with the few newly sworn in City council members who were not FLDS, the result was a new mayor with a completely replaced city council following special elections to fill the vacated seats.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Ventre |first1=Sarah |last2=Berkes |first2=Howard |date=2018-02-12 |title=Public Officials In Town With Polygamous Sect Resign After Elections |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/12/585180219/public-officials-in-town-with-polygamous-sect-resign-after-elections |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Two-Way |publisher=NPR |location=Salt Lake City |format=AUDIO transcription}}</ref>

While the population decreased significantly between 2010 and 2015,<ref name="2020 Census (City)" /> since this transition of leadership, efforts have been made to both welcome and provide resources to people who leave the faith, but also invite all who have moved away to return to the community.<ref name=":1" /> This has included working alongside Colorado City leaders, who have made similar efforts to make their community more open to outsiders, including a large branch of Mohave Community college, and the opening of the communities' first bars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-21 |title=The polygamous border town of Colorado City opens its first bar |url=https://www.fox13now.com/2018/05/20/the-polygamous-border-town-of-colorado-city-opens-its-first-bar |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=FOX 13 News Utah (KSTU) |language=en}}</ref>