Editing High-density lipoprotein (section)

==Overview==
Lipoproteins are divided into five subgroups, by density/size (an inverse relationship), which also correlates with function and incidence of cardiovascular events. Unlike the larger lipoprotein particles, which deliver fat molecules to cells, HDL particles remove fat molecules from cells. The lipids carried include [[cholesterol]], [[phospholipids]], and [[triglycerides]], amounts of each are variable.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Kontush A, Lindahl M, Lhomme M, Calabresi L, Chapman MJ, Davidson WS |title=High Density Lipoproteins |chapter=Structure of HDL: particle subclasses and molecular components |series=Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology |volume=224 |issue= <!-- --> |pages=3–51 |date=2015 |pmid=25522985 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_1 |isbn=978-3-319-09664-3 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

HDL particles remove fats and cholesterol from cells, including within [[artery]] wall [[atheroma]], and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-use. Increasing concentrations of HDL particles in the blood are associated with decreasing accumulation of [[atherosclerosis]] within the walls of arteries,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Casula M, Colpani O, Xie S, Catapano AL, Baragetti A |title=HDL in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: In Search of a Role |journal=Cells |volume=10 |issue=8 |date=July 2021 |page=1869 |pmid=34440638 |pmc=8394469 |doi=10.3390/cells10081869 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref> reducing the risk of [[Vulnerable plaque|sudden plaque ruptures]], [[cardiovascular disease]], [[stroke]] and other [[vascular disease]]s.<ref name=deng/> People with higher levels of HDL-C tend to have fewer problems with [[cardiovascular diseases]], while those with low HDL-C cholesterol levels (especially less than 40&nbsp;mg/dL or about 1&nbsp;mmol/L) have increased rates for heart disease.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Toth PP | title = Cardiology patient page. The "good cholesterol": high-density lipoprotein | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 5 | pages = e89–e91 | date = Feb 2005 | pmid = 15699268 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.0000154555.07002.CA | doi-access = free }}</ref>{{update inline|date=July 2022}} Higher native HDL levels are correlated with lowered risk of cardiovascular disease in healthy people.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/suppl_F/F4.full | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022804/http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/suppl_F/F4.full | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2015-02-01 | last=Sirtori | first=Cesare R. | title=HDL and the progression of atherosclerosis: new insights | date=October 2006 | work=European Heart Journal Supplements}}</ref>{{update inline|date=July 2022}}

However, a higher blood level of HDL is not necessarily protective against cardiovascular disease and may even be harmful in extremely high quantities,<ref name="pmid34572269">{{cite journal | vauthors = Franczyk B, Rysz J, Ławiński J, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Gluba-Brzózka A | title = Is a High HDL-Cholesterol Level Always Beneficial? | journal = Biomedicines | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | date = August 2021 | page = 1083 | pmid = 34572269 | pmc = 8466913 | doi = 10.3390/biomedicines9091083 | doi-access = free }}</ref> with an increased cardiovascular risk, especially in hypertensive patients.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Trimarco V, Izzo R, Morisco C, Mone P, Maria Virginia M, Falco A, Pacella D, Gallo P, Lembo M, Santulli G, Trimarco B |title=High HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol Increases Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Patients |journal=Hypertension |volume= 79|issue= 10|pages=2355–2363 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35968698 |doi=10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19912 |pmc=9617028 |url=}}</ref>