Editing Hesse (section)

== Etymology ==
The German name {{lang|de|[[:wikt:Hessen#German|Hessen]]}}, like the names of other German regions ({{lang|de|Schwaben}} "[[Swabia]]", {{lang|de|Franken}} "[[Franconia]]", {{lang|de|Bayern}} "[[Bavaria]]", {{lang|de|Sachsen}} "[[Saxony]]"<!--; as well as some country names, such as ''[[Hungary|Ungarn]]'', ''[[Poland|Polen]]'', ''[[Sweden|Schweden]]'', etc.-->), derives from the dative plural form of the name of the inhabitants or [[German tribes|eponymous tribe]], the Hessians ({{lang|de|Hessen}}, singular {{lang|de|Hesse}}). The geographical name represents a short equivalent of the older compound name {{lang|de|Hessenland}} ("land of the Hessians"). The [[Old High German]] form of the name is recorded as {{lang|goh|Hessun}} (dative plural of {{lang|goh|Hessi}}); in [[Middle Latin]] it appears as {{lang|la|Hassonia}}, {{lang|la|Hassia}}, {{lang|la|Hessia}}. The name of the Hessians ultimately continues the tribal name of the ''[[Chatti]]''.<ref>[[Gudmund Schütte]], ''Our forefathers : The Gothonic nations : A manual of the ethnography of the Gothic, German, Dutch, Anglo-Saxon, Frisian and Scandinavian peoples'', vol. 2 (1933), [https://books.google.com/books?id=0R9aAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 p. 191] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406000712/https://books.google.com/books?id=0R9aAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA191 |date=6 April 2023 }}.</ref> The ancient name ''Chatti'' by the 7th century is recorded as ''Chassi'', and from the 8th century as ''Hassi'' or ''Hessi''.<ref>Christian Presche, ''Kassel im Mittelalter: Zur Stadtentwicklung bis 1367'' vol. 1 (2013), [https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZfbAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 p. 41] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413014858/https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZfbAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |date=13 April 2023 }}.</ref>

An inhabitant of Hesse is called a "Hessian" (German: {{lang|de|[[:wikt:Hesse#German|Hesse]]}} (masculine), plural {{lang|de|Hessen}}, or {{lang|de|Hessin}} (feminine), plural {{lang|de|Hessinnen}}). The [[American English]] term [[Hessian (soldier)|"Hessian"]] for 18th-century British auxiliary troops originates with Landgrave [[Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse|Frederick II]] of [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]] hiring out regular army units to the government of Great Britain to fight in the [[American Revolutionary War]].

The English form ''Hesse'' was in common use by the 18th century, first in the hyphenated names of the states of ''Hesse-Cassel'' and ''Hesse-Darmstadt'', but the latinate form ''Hessia'' remained in common English usage well into the 19th century.<ref>"The Hessians, called, in the early history of Germany, Catti, lived in the present Hessia". ''The Popular Encyclopedia: Or, Conversations Lexicon'' vol. 3 (1862), p. 720. Occasional English use of ''Hessia'' is found until the present day, e.g. P. J. J. Welfens, ''Stabilizing and Integrating the Balkans'', Springer Science & Business Media (2001), [https://books.google.com/books?id=mRHByuEAKQkC&pg=PA119 p. 119.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406115440/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRHByuEAKQkC&pg=PA119 |date=6 April 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Hessia%2CHesse&year_start=1700&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3 |title=Chart of usage frequency: Hessia, Hesse |website=Google Books Ngram Viewer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=ilpert|first=Joseph Leonhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B944AQAAMAAJ&q=Hessia+dictionary&pg=PA548|title=A Dictionary of the English and German and the German and English Language|date=1857|publisher=B. Hermann|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=1 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901193530/https://books.google.com/books?id=B944AQAAMAAJ&q=Hessia+dictionary&pg=PA548#v=snippet&q=Hessia%20dictionary&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[European Commission]] uses the German form {{lang|de|Hessen}}, even in English-language contexts, due to the policy of leaving regional names untranslated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=European Commission English Style Guide |url=http://ec.europa.eu/translation/writing/style_guides/english/style_guide_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205092625/http://ec.europa.eu/translation/writing/style_guides/english/style_guide_en.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2010 |at=paragraphs 1.31 and 1.35}}</ref>

The [[synthetic element]] [[hassium]], number 108 on the [[periodic table]], was named after the state of Hesse in 1997, following a proposal of 1992.<ref>"Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)". ''Pure and Applied Chemistry''. 69.12 (1997), p. 2471. {{doi|10.1351/pac199769122471}}.</ref>