Editing Herringfleet (section)

==History==
[[File:St Olave's Priory in St Olaves - geograph.org.uk - 1801631.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|The ruins of [[St Olaves Priory, Herringfleet]]]]
Herringfleet was occupied during the [[Roman Britain|Roman period]], and there have been archaeological finds made dating occupation to the [[Neolithic]] period. According to the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, a manor of one [[carucate]] was owned by the [[William the Conqueror|King]].<ref name=she/><ref name=od>[https://opendomesday.org/place/TM4797/herringfleet/ Herringfleet], Open Domesday. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref>

The place-name ‘Herringfleet’ is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as ‘Herlingaflet’. It appears as ‘Herlingefleth’ in the [[Feet of Fines]] in 1202, as ‘Herlingflet’ in 1254 in the ‘Valuation of Norwich’, and as ‘Heringflete’ circa 1255 in the ‘Calendar of Charters and Rolls in the [[Bodleian Library]]’. The name means “the stream of Herala’s people”.<ref>[[Eilert Ekwall]], ’The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names’, p.236.</ref>

During the medieval period, a ferry was established across the Waveney at St Olaves. [[St. Olaves Priory, Herringfleet|St Olaves Priory]] was founded nearby in about 1216 by Roger Fitz Osbert as an [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] priory.<ref name="lewis">{{cite web |title=Herringfleet - Heston A Topographical Dictionary of England. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp491-497 |website=British History Online |publisher=S Lewis, London 1848 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> It was dedicated to [[St Olav]] and operated until the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in 1537, controlling the Herringfleet parish church as well as those at [[Burgh St Peter]] and [[St Margaret's Church, Hales|Hales]] as well as land at [[Tibenham, Norfolk|Tibenham]].<ref name=lp>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1172374 St. Olave's Priory], List entry, [[Historic England]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref name=norfp>[http://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF10715-Ruins-of-St-Olave%27s-Priory-Fritton-and-St-Olaves&Index=2&RecordCount=4&SessionID=39431d8c-f6f1-4d9e-a89b-f78c275f5973 Ruins of St Olave's Priory, Fritton and St Olaves], Norfolk Heritage Explorer, [[Norfolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref name=eh>[https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/st-olaves-priory/history/ History of St Olaves Priory], [[English Heritage]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref name=page>Page W ed. (1975) 'Houses of Austin canons: Priory of Herringfleet', in ''A History of the County of Suffolk: Volume 2'', pp.100–101. London: Victoria County History. ([http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/suff/vol2/pp100-101 Available online] at British History Online. Retrieved 2021-03-17.)</ref> The site is largely in ruins, although the [[undercroft]] survives in good condition.<ref name=norfp/><ref name=eh/>

By around 1509 the first stone bridge across the Waveney had been built, possibly replacing a bridge first mentioned in 1298. This was replaced with a cast iron [[Tied-arch bridge|bowstring girder]] suspension bridge in 1847. The bridge is the only crossing point on the Waveney between [[Great Yarmouth]] and [[Beccles]].<ref name=she/><ref>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1305125 St Olave's bridge], List entry, [[Historic England]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref>

[[Henry Jerningham]] owned the priory site by 1546 and a Tudor manor house was built on the site. By the 18th century the manor was owned by the Leathes family, and Herringfleet Hall dates from this time, the new hall having been built to replace an older manor house to the south.<ref name=she/><ref>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1031949 Herringfleet Hall], List entry, [[Historic England]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref>[https://heritage.suffolk.gov.uk/Monument/MSF23237 Monument record HRF 014 - Manor House Farm; Herringfleet Hall (1880s); Old Hall (1837)], Suffolk Heritage Explorer, [[Suffolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref> A series of [[duck decoy (structure)|duck decoys]] are known to have been operated at [[Fritton Lake|Fritton Decoy]] at the north-east boundary of the former parish at this time, and are believed to date from the 17th century.<ref>[[Ralph Payne-Gallwey|Payne-Gallwey R]] (1886) ''The book of duck decoys, their construction, management, and history'', pp. 164–167. London: John van Vorst. ([https://archive.org/details/bookofduckdecoys00paynega/page/164/mode/2up Available online]. Retrieved 2021-03-13.)</ref>

The [[Yarmouth–Beccles line|Great Yarmouth to Beccles railway line]] opened in 1859 and passed through the former parish, with a [[St Olaves railway station|station at St Olaves]]. This operated until 1959.<ref name=she/><ref>[http://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF13574-Route-of-East-Suffolk-Railway-(Yarmouth-to-Beccles) Route of East Suffolk Railway (Yarmouth to Beccles)], Norfolk Heritage Explorer, [[Norfolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref> On the western edge of the former parish, [[Herringfleet Windmill]], a timber smock drainpipe [[windpump]], was built in about 1820. It is a Grade II* listed building and is within the area of [[The Broads]] national park.<ref name=hs/><ref name=np/><ref>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1183297 Herringfleet Marsh Mill], List entry, [[Historic England]]. Retrieved 2013-03-13.</ref>

During [[World War II]] parts of the parish, including the area around Fritton Decoy, were used for training ahead of the [[Normandy landings]] in 1944. The [[79th Armoured Division]] used the site for the testing and development of amphibious [[DD tank]]s from 1943, and it was used until 1947 as part of the [[British Army]]'s Assault Training and Development Centre, and later became part of the Specialised Armour Development Establishment.<ref>Sommers M (2013) [https://suffolkarchaeology.co.uk/reports-pdfs/2013_052.pdf Tank Training Site, Fritton Lake Somerleyton, Ashby & Herringfleet HER ref. SOL 029], Archaeological Survey Report, [[Suffolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref>[https://theddaystory.com/markers/duplex-drive-tank-training-wing-freshwater-fritton/ Duplex Drive Tank Training Wing, Freshwater (Fritton)], The D-Day Story, Portsmouth. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref> Other areas in Herringfleet and the surrounding area were used as campsites for the units involved in training.<ref>[https://heritage.suffolk.gov.uk/Monument/MSX27212 Monument record SOL 030 - Site of World War Two military training area, probably related to Herringfleet military camp], Suffolk Heritage Explorer, [[Suffolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref>[https://heritage.suffolk.gov.uk/monument/MSX27213 Monument record SOL 031 - Site of World War Two military training area, probably related to Herringfleet military camp], Suffolk Heritage Explorer, [[Suffolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref><ref>[https://heritage.suffolk.gov.uk/Monument/MSX27214 Monument record SOL 032 - Site of World War Two military training area, probably related to Herringfleet military camp], Suffolk Heritage Explorer, [[Suffolk County Council]]. Retrieved 2021-03-16.</ref>