Editing Henry V of England (section)

== Early life ==
=== Birth and family ===
Henry was born in the tower above the gatehouse of [[Monmouth Castle]] in [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]], and for that reason was sometimes called Henry of Monmouth.<ref>{{cite ODNB |last=Allmand |author-link=Christopher Allmand |date=23 September 2010 |first= Christopher |title=Henry V (1386–1422) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12952 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180810174843/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12952 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 August 2018 |type=online |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12952}}</ref> He was the son of [[Henry of Bolingbroke]] (later Henry IV of England) and [[Mary de Bohun]]. His father's cousin was the reigning English monarch, [[Richard II]]. Henry's paternal grandfather was the influential [[John of Gaunt]], a son of [[Edward III]]. As he was not close to the line of succession to the throne, Henry's date of birth was not officially documented, and for many years it was disputed whether he was born in 1386 or 1387.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allmand |first=Christopher |title=Henry V |date=1992 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-3000-7369-0 |edition=new |series=[[English Monarchs series]] |publication-date=1997 |author-link=Christopher Allmand}} pp. 7–8</ref> However, records indicate that his younger brother [[Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence|Thomas]] was born in the autumn of 1387 and that his parents were at Monmouth in 1386 but not in 1387.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mortimer |first=Ian |title=The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King |date=2007 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |isbn=978-0-2240-7300-4 |location=London |author-link=Ian Mortimer (historian)}} pp. 371–372.</ref> It is now accepted that he was born on 16 September 1386.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Curry |first=A. |title=Henry V: New Interpretations |date=2013 |publisher=York Medieval Press |isbn=978-1-9031-5346-8 |editor-last=Gwilym Dodd |page=11 |chapter=The Making of a Prince: The Finances of "the young lord Henry", 1386–1400 |author-link=Anne Curry}}</ref>{{sfn|Mortimer|2007|p=[{{google books|gJ0eLiTqmLoC|pg=371|plainurl=yes}} 371]}}{{sfn|Allmand|2010}}{{refn|Several combinations of 9 August 16 September, and the years 1386 and 1387 frequently feature as birth dates. 16 September appears in Henry V's birth record found in ''Prologus in Cronica Regina'' (printed by [[Thomas Hearne (antiquarian)|Hearne]]), which states that he was born in the feast of [[St. Edith]]. Another document, located at [[John Rylands Library]] ([https://luna.manchester.ac.uk/luna/servlet/detail/Man4MedievalVC~4~4~992364~159620 French MS 54]), gives the specific date of 16 September 1386. The only early authority which places his birth in August is ''Memorials of Henry V'' (ed. Cole, p. 64: "''natus in Augusto fueras''"); the date 9 August is first given by [[Paolo Giovio]], but seems to be a misprint for his coronation date (9 April). The only other evidence for a birth in August would be a statement that he was in his 36th year (aged 35) when he died.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=R. |title=Plantagenet Ancestry |date=2011 |editor-last=Kimball G. Everingham |edition=2nd |volume=2 |location=Salt Lake City |page=364 n. 231 |author-link=Douglas Richardson}}</ref> This would place Henry V's birth in September 1386 or August 1387.{{sfn|Allmand|1992|pp=7–8}} Since Henry's household was at Monmouth in 1386 but not in 1387, and a specific date is given for 1386, the date of 16 September 1386 is now regarded as the correct one.{{sfn|Mortimer|2007|p=371}}}}

Upon the exile of Henry's father in 1398, Richard II took the boy into his own charge and treated him kindly.<ref name=EB1911/> The young Henry accompanied Richard to Ireland. While in the royal service, he visited [[Trim Castle]] in [[County Meath]], the ancient meeting place of the [[Parliament of Ireland]].

[[File:Illumination of Henry IV (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Henry's father, [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]]]

In 1399, John of Gaunt died. In the same year Richard II was overthrown by the [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] usurpation that brought Henry's father to the throne, and Henry was recalled from Ireland into prominence as [[heir apparent]] to the [[Kingdom of England]]. He was created [[Prince of Wales]] at his father's coronation and [[Duke of Lancaster]] on 10 November 1399, the third person to hold the title that year. His other titles were [[Duke of Cornwall]], [[Earl of Chester]] and [[Duke of Aquitaine]]. A contemporary record notes that in 1399, Henry spent time at [[The Queen's College, Oxford]], under the care of his uncle [[Henry Beaufort]], the chancellor of the university.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Salter |first1=H. E. |title=A History of the County of Oxford |last2=Lobe |first2=Mary D. |year=1954 |series=[[Victoria County History]] |volume=3 |pages=132–143 |chapter=The University of Oxford}}</ref> During this time, due to taking a liking to both literature and music, he learned to read and write in English, the [[Middle English|vernacular]]; this made him the first English King that was educated in this regard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry V {{!}} Biography, Facts, Wife, & Significance {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-V-king-of-England |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=britannica.com}}</ref> He even went on to grant pensions to composers due to such love for music.