Editing Henrico County, Virginia (section)

==History==
In 1611, [[Thomas Dale]] founded the [[Henricus|Citie of Henricus]] on a peninsula in the [[James River]] that is now called [[Farrar's Island]].<ref name=Henricus>{{cite web|last1=Henrico County|title=Henricus|url=http://henrico.us/about-henrico/history/ourhistory/henricus/|access-date=October 28, 2014|archive-date=October 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028220910/http://henrico.us/about-henrico/history/ourhistory/henricus/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Henricus was named for [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales]], but it was destroyed during the [[Indian massacre of 1622]], during which local Native American warriors of the Powhatan confederacy attacked the English settlers to drive them from the area.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Henricus Historical Park |title=1611 Settlement |url=http://www.henricus.org/history/1611-settlement.asp |access-date=October 31, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025210416/http://www.henricus.org/history/1611-settlement.asp |archive-date=October 25, 2014 }}</ref>[[File:Henry Frederick, 1594-1612, Prince of Wales RMG L9773.jpg|thumb|[[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales]]]]In 1634, Henrico Shire was one of the eight original [[Shires of Virginia]] established in the [[Virginia Colony]].<ref name=shireFounding /> Since then, 10 counties and three independent cities have been formed from the original territory of Henrico Shire.<ref name=HistoricalSociety />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! County/City
! Year Founded
|-
| [[Goochland County, Virginia|Goochland County]]
| 1728
|-
| [[Albemarle County, Virginia|Albemarle County]]
| 1744
|-
| [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield County]]
| 1749
|-
| [[Cumberland County, Virginia|Cumberland County]]
| 1749
|-
| [[Amherst County, Virginia|Amherst County]]
| 1761
|-
| [[Buckingham County, Virginia|Buckingham County]]
| 1761
|-
| [[Fluvanna County, Virginia|Fluvanna County]]
| 1777
|-
| [[Powhatan County, Virginia|Powhatan County]]
| 1777
|-
| [[Nelson County, Virginia|Nelson County]]
| 1807
|-
| [[Richmond, Virginia|City of Richmond]]
| 1842
|-
| [[Appomattox County, Virginia|Appomattox County]] (part)
| 1845
|-
| [[Charlottesville, Virginia|City of Charlottesville]]
| 1888
|-
| [[Colonial Heights, Virginia|City of Colonial Heights]]
| 1948
|}In 1776, Richard Adams and Nathaniel Wilkenson participated in the Fifth Virginia Convention, which voted to send delegates to the Continental Congress to propose separation from the British. That proposal led to the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]].During the Revolutionary War, when Benedict Arnold's invading army occupied Richmond in January 1781, the Henrico militia was called to active duty. During the brief British occupation of Richmond, many Henrico court records were destroyed. Three months later when Arnold's men, now part of British forces led by General William Phillips, approached Richmond for a second time, the British were stopped by the sight of local militiamen and American Continental troops led by a young Frenchman, the Marquis de Lafayette. Outnumbered, Lafayette abandoned Richmond when General Charles Cornwallis occupied the town in June 1781. Cornwallis then retired to Williamsburg and later to Yorktown. After being surrounded there by General George Washington and his French allies, Cornwallis surrendered, effectively ending the American Revolution.<ref>{{cite web |title=Henrico's Beginnings |url=https://henrico.us/history/ourhistory/henricos-beginning/ |website=Henrico County VA }}</ref>

Since becoming independent in 1842, the [[Richmond, Virginia|City of Richmond]] has successfully [[Annexation|annexed]] portions of Henrico five times.<ref name="AnnexationMap">{{cite web|last1=Richmond Department of IT|title=Annexation History Map|url=https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=2c2cc30aec1b4c8b8ccdbdbfdc5b9116|access-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref> [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield County]] annexed the site of [[Henricus]] in 1922.<ref name="HistoricalSociety" />

Henrico was badly hurt in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. During the [[Reconstruction era]], Virginia Estelle Randolph was a pioneer educator and humanitarian who lived from 1874 to 1958. She opened the old Mountain Road School in 1892 and was named the first Jeanes Supervisor Industrial Teacher in Henrico County Schools in 1908. She conducted the first Arbor Day program in Virginia.

The [[USS Henrico (APA-45)|USS Henrico]] was a Bayfield-class attack transport involved in World War Two and subsequent conflicts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the USS Henrico - Henrico County, Virginia |url=https://henrico.us/history/recent-history/history-of-the-uss-henrico/ |access-date=April 19, 2022 |website=henrico.us}}</ref>

Richmond attempted to completely merge with Henrico in 1961, but 61% of the votes in a referendum in Henrico county voted against the merger.<ref name="IrreconcilableDifferences">{{cite web|last1=Kollatz|first1=Harry|title=Irreconcilable Differences|date=November 19, 2012|url=http://richmondmagazine.com/news/irreconcilable-differences-11-19-2012/|access-date=November 2, 2014}}</ref> In 1965, Richmond attempted to annex 145 square miles of Henrico County. However, after a lengthy court battle, the city was given permission to annex only 17 square miles. Since the city would have had to reimburse Henrico a hefty $55 million, Richmond opted against annexing the 17 square miles.<ref name="5thGradeSS">{{cite web|last1=Henrico County Public Schools |title=Henrico and the Land Around Us |url=http://www.henrico.k12.va.us/Pdf/Instruction/Elementary%20Pacing%20Guides/%20Curr%20Frame%20Gr%205.pdf |access-date=October 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028234409/http://www.henrico.k12.va.us/Pdf/Instruction/Elementary%20Pacing%20Guides/%20Curr%20Frame%20Gr%205.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="IrreconcilableDifferences" />

In 1981, the [[Virginia General Assembly]] placed a moratorium on all annexations throughout the state.<ref name="ChesterfieldAnnexation">{{cite web|last1=Adkins|first1=Sandy|title=Countdown to Jamestown #9|url=http://www.chesterfieldtourism.com/pdfs/countdown9.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.chesterfieldtourism.com/pdfs/countdown9.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=November 3, 2014}}</ref> Henrico's borders have not changed since Richmond's 1942 annexation.

[[File:VARINA FARMS, HENRICO COUNTY, VA.jpg|thumb|Varina Farms Plantation]] [[File:Malvern Cannons , Civil War Battlefield, RIchmond National Battlefield - Stierch.jpg|thumb|right|Cannons at the site of the [[Battle of Malvern Hill]]]]The original [[county seat]] was at [[Varina, Virginia|Varina]], at the [[Varina Farms]] [[Plantations in the American South|plantation]] across the James River from Henricus. Colonist [[John Rolfe]] built this plantation, where he lived with his wife, [[Pocahontas]].<ref name="VarinaMagisterialDistrict">{{cite web|last1=Henrico County|title=Varina Magisterial District|url=http://henrico.us/about-henrico/history/government/names-places-in-henrico/#VARINA%20MAGISTERIAL%20DISTRICT|access-date=October 30, 2014}}</ref> Henrico's government was located at Varina from around 1640 until 1752.<ref name="5thGradeSS" />

In 1752, Henrico relocated its seat to a more central location inside the city of Richmond, between [[Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia|Church Hill]] and what is now [[Tobacco Row, Richmond|Tobacco Row]]. The county seat remained at 22nd and Main St in Richmond even after the city's government became fully independent of the county in 1842.<ref name="HistoricalSociety" /> It was not until 1974 when the county moved out of the [[Henrico County Courthouse]] to a complex in the western portion of the county at the intersection of Parham Road and Hungary Springs Road in [[Laurel, Virginia|Laurel]].<ref name="5thGradeSS" />

In addition to the 1974 complex, in 1988 the county opened its Eastern Government Center to be more convenient to county residents in the eastern portion of the county. It is located on Nine Mile Road.<ref name="5thGradeSS" />

===American Civil War battle sites===
During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], in 1862 Henrico County was the site of numerous battles during the [[Peninsula Campaign]], including:
* [[Battle of Seven Pines]],
* [[Battle of Savage's Station]],
* [[Battle of Oak Grove]],
* [[Battle of Garnett's & Golding's Farm]],
* [[Battle of White Oak Swamp]],
* [[Battle of Glendale]], and
* [[Battle of Malvern Hill]].

Additional significant battles took place in 1864 during the [[Overland Campaign]] prior to and during the [[Siege of Petersburg]], which led to the fall of Richmond. Confederate General [[J.E.B. Stuart]] was mortally wounded in Henrico County at the [[Battle of Yellow Tavern]] on May 12, 1864.