Editing Henri Matisse (section)

==Early life and education==
[[File:Reading henri matisse.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Woman Reading]]'' (''La Liseuse''), 1895, oil on board, 61.5 x 48 cm, [[Le Cateau-Cambrésis]], [[Matisse Museum (Le Cateau)|Musée Matisse]]]]
Matisse was born in [[Le Cateau-Cambrésis]], in the [[Nord (French department)|Nord]] [[Departments of France|department]] in Northern France on [[New Year's Eve]] in 1869, the oldest son of a wealthy [[grain trade|grain merchant]].<ref>Spurling, Hilary (2000). ''The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse: The Early Years, 1869–1908''. University of California Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-520-22203-2}}. pp. 4–6</ref> He grew up in [[Bohain-en-Vermandois]], [[Picardy|Picardie]]. In 1887, he went to [[Paris]] to study law, working as a court administrator in [[Le Cateau-Cambrésis]] after gaining his qualification. He first started to paint in 1889, after his mother brought him art supplies during a period of convalescence following an attack of [[appendicitis]]. He discovered "a kind of paradise" as he later described it,<ref>Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, p.9.</ref> and decided to become an artist, deeply disappointing his father.<ref name="kuester">Bärbel Küster. "Arbeiten und auf niemanden hören." ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'', 6 July 2007. {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref name="unknown" />

In 1891, he returned to Paris to study art at the {{Lang|fr|[[Académie Julian]]|italic=no}} under [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]] and at the [[Beaux-Arts de Paris|École Nationale des Beaux-Arts]] under [[Gustave Moreau]]. Initially he painted [[still life]]s and [[Landscape painting|landscapes]] in a traditional style, at which he achieved reasonable proficiency. Matisse was influenced by the works of earlier masters such as [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin]], [[Nicolas Poussin]], and [[Antoine Watteau]], as well as by modern artists, such as [[Édouard Manet]], and by [[Japanese art]]. Chardin was one of the painters Matisse most admired; as an art student he made copies of four of Chardin's paintings in the [[Louvre]].<ref>Spurling, Hilary. ''The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, the Early Years, 1869–1908''. p.86. accessed online 15 July 2007</ref>

In 1896, Matisse, an unknown art student at the time, visited the Australian painter [[John Russell (Australian artist)|John Russell]] on the island of [[Belle Île]] off the coast of [[Brittany]].{{sfnp| Spurling|1998|loc= 119–138}}<ref name="abc">{{cite web|last=interview with [[Hilary Spurling]]|date=8 June 2005|title=The Unknown Matisse&nbsp;... – Book Talk|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/booktalk/stories/s1430343.htm|access-date=1 August 2016|work=[[ABC Online]]}}</ref> Russell introduced him to [[Impressionism]] and to the work of [[Vincent van Gogh]]—who had been a friend of Russell—and gave him a Van Gogh drawing. Matisse's style changed completely: abandoning his earth-coloured palette for bright colours. He later said Russell was his teacher, and that Russell had explained [[colour theory]] to him.<ref name="unknown" /> The same year, Matisse exhibited five paintings in the salon of the [[Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts]], two of which were purchased by the state.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120724064029/http://www.cosmopolis.ch/english/cosmo2/matisse.htm Henri and Pierre Matisse], ''Cosmopolis'', No 2, January 1999</ref><ref name="abc" />{{sfnp|Spurling|1998|loc= 138}}[[File:Henri + Amélie Matisse Portrait 1898.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Two greyscale photos where each photo is in the shape of an oval: Henri Matisse (left) and Amélie Matisse (right)|Henri and Amélie Matisse, 1898]]With the model Caroline Joblau, he had a daughter, Marguerite, born in 1894. In 1898, he married Amélie Noellie Parayre; the two raised Marguerite together and had two sons, Jean (born 1899) and [[Pierre Matisse|Pierre]] (born 1900). Marguerite and Amélie often served as models for Matisse.<ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/~androom/biography/p018905.htm Marguerite Matisse] Retrieved 13 December 2010</ref>

In 1898, on the advice of [[Camille Pissarro]], he went to London to study the paintings of [[J. M. W. Turner]] and then went on a trip to [[Corsica]].<ref name="Oxford">Oxford Art Online, "Henri Matisse"</ref> Upon his return to Paris in February 1899, he worked beside [[Albert Marquet]] and met [[André Derain]], [[Jean Puy]],<ref name="UCLA10">Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, p.10.</ref> and [[Jules Flandrin]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} Matisse immersed himself in the work of others and went into debt from buying work from painters he admired. The work he hung and displayed in his home included a plaster bust by [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]], a painting by [[Paul Gauguin|Gauguin]], a drawing by Van Gogh, and [[Paul Cézanne|Cézanne]]'s ''[[Three Bathers]]''. In Cézanne's sense of pictorial structure and colour, Matisse found his main inspiration.<ref name="UCLA10" />

Many of Matisse's paintings from 1898 to 1901 make use of a [[Divisionism|Divisionist]] technique he adopted after reading [[Paul Signac]]'s essay, "{{lang|fr|D'[[Eugène Delacroix]] au Néo-impressionisme}}".<ref name="Oxford" />

In May 1902, Amélie's parents became ensnared in a major financial scandal, the [[Thérèse Humbert|Humbert Affair]]. Her mother (who was the Humbert family's housekeeper) and father became scapegoats in the scandal, and her family was menaced by angry mobs of fraud victims.<ref name="Spurling_NYRB">Spurling, Hilary, 2005, "Matisse's Pajamas", ''The New York Review of Books'', 11 August 2005, pp.&nbsp;33–36.</ref> According to art historian [[Hilary Spurling]], "their public exposure, followed by the arrest of his father-in-law, left Matisse as the sole breadwinner for an extended family of seven".<ref name="Spurling_NYRB" /> During 1902 to 1903, Matisse adopted a style of painting that was comparatively somber and concerned with form, a change possibly intended to produce saleable works during this time of material hardship.<ref name="Spurling_NYRB" /> Having made his first attempt at sculpture, a copy after [[Antoine-Louis Barye]], in 1899, he devoted much of his energy to working in clay, completing ''The Slave'' in 1903.<ref>Leymarie, Jean; Read, Herbert; Lieberman, William S. (1966), ''Henri Matisse'', UCLA Art Council, pp.19–20.</ref><gallery class="center" widths="160" heights="160">
File:Matisse the study of moreau.jpg|''[[Gustave Moreau]]'s Studio'', 1894&ndash;1895
File:Matisse - Blue Pot and Lemon (1897).jpg|''Blue Pot and Lemon'' (1897), [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Matisse Mur Rose.jpg|''[[Le Mur Rose]]'', 1898, [[Jewish Museum Frankfurt]]
File:Matisse - Vase of Sunflowers (1898).jpg|''Vase of Sunflowers'' (1898), [[Hermitage Museum]], [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], Russia
File:Study of a nude by Matisse.jpg|''Study of a Nude'', 1899, [[Bridgestone Museum of Art]], [[Tokyo]]
File:Henri Matisse, 1899, Still Life with Compote, Apples and Oranges, oil on canvas, 46.4 x 55.6 cm, The Cone Collection, Baltimore Museum of Art.jpg|''Still Life with Compote, Apples and Oranges,'' 1899, [[Cone sisters|The Cone Collection]], [[Baltimore Museum of Art]]
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