Editing Heinz (section)

==History==

===Foundation===
[[File:HenryJHeinz.jpeg|thumb|left|130px|Henry J. Heinz, founder]]
Heinz was founded by and is named for [[Henry J. Heinz]], who was born in the United States to German immigrants. His father was originally from [[Kallstadt]] (then part of the [[Bavaria]]n [[Palatinate region|Rhenish Palatinate]], now part of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]). His mother Anna was from [[Haunetal]], [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]], and they met in Pittsburgh.

[[File:Heinz Baked Beans with Tomato Sauce trade card back.jpg|thumb|150px|Heinz trade card from the 19th century, promoting various products. Features the Heinz pickle.]] [[File:Commercial. For Heinz Company. Tousignant & Frère, 4835, rue Wellington BAnQ P48S1P10257.jpg|thumb|right|Display of canned products of Heinz Company in the window of the store Tousignant & Frère, Wellington Street, [[Verdun, Quebec]], 1944]]
Henry J. Heinz began packing foodstuffs on a small scale at [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania]], in 1869.<ref name="colliers"/> There he founded Heinz Noble & Company with a friend, L. Clarence Noble, and began marketing [[horseradish]]. The first product in Heinz and Noble's new Anchor Brand (a name selected for its biblical meaning of hope) was his mother Anna Heinz's recipe for horseradish. The young Heinz manufactured it in the basement of his father's former house.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kendall|first1=Joshua|title=America's Obsessives: The Compulsive Energy That Built a Nation|url=https://archive.org/details/americasobsessiv0000kend|url-access=registration|date=2013|publisher=Grand Central Publishing|isbn=9781455502363|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americasobsessiv0000kend/page/n311 304]}}</ref>

The company went bankrupt in 1875. The following year Heinz founded another company, F & J Heinz, with his brother John Heinz and a cousin, Frederick Heinz. One of this company's first products was [[Heinz Tomato Ketchup]]. The company continued to grow.

In 1888, Heinz bought out his two partners and reorganized the company as the H.&nbsp;J. Heinz Company. Its slogan, "57 varieties", was introduced by Heinz in 1896. Inspired by an advertisement he saw while riding an elevated train in New York City (a shoe store boasting "21 styles"), Heinz picked the number more or less at random because he liked the sound of it, selecting "7" specifically because, as he put it, of the "psychological influence of that figure and of its enduring significance to people of all ages".<ref name="valuewalk"/>

===20th century===
The H. J. Heinz Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania on July 27, 1900;<ref name="Name change - CA SOS">{{Citation |title=Amended Statement By Foreign Corporation: Kraft Heinz Foods Company |date=July 13, 2015 |url=https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/api/report/GetImageByNum/214036059126087215214236044244171009168202051059 |publisher=[[California Secretary of State]] |access-date=October 16, 2024 |id=Control ID {{abbr|No.|Number}} LBA20895942}}</ref><ref name="Business application - VA SCC">{{Citation |title=Application for a Certificate of Authority to Transact Business in Virginia: Kraft Heinz Foods Company |date=July 24, 2015 |url=https://cis.scc.virginia.gov/CommonHelper/DocumentStorageLocalFileget?DocumentId=2222411&sourceType=1 |publisher=[[Virginia State Corporation Commission]] |access-date=October 16, 2024 |id=Filing {{abbr|No.|Number}} 1507231226}}</ref> Heinz served as its first president, holding that position for the rest of his life. Under his leadership, the company pioneered processes for sanitary food preparation, and led a successful lobbying effort in favor of the [[Pure Food and Drug Act]] in 1906.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Petrick|first1=Gabriella M.|title=Feeding the Masses: H.J. Heinz and the creation of industrial food|publisher=Elsevier Ltd.|doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2008.11.002|pmid=19181382|volume=33|issue=1|journal=Endeavour|pages=29–34|year=2009}}</ref> In 1908 he established a processing plant in [[Leamington, Ontario]], Canada for tomatoes and other products. Heinz operated it until 2014, when it was sold.<ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/heinz-to-close-leamington-ont-plant-hundreds-of-jobs-lost-1.1543663 CTV News: Heinz to close Leamington, Ont. plant; hundreds of jobs lost]</ref>

Heinz was a pioneer in both scientific and "technological innovations to solve problems like bacterial contamination".<ref name="colliers"/> He personally worked to control the "purity of his products by managing his employees", offering hot showers and weekly manicures for the women handling food. During [[World War I]], he worked with the Food Administration.<ref name="colliers">{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Heinz, Henry John|year=1921}}</ref>

In 1914, Heinz [[Salad Cream]] was invented in England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heinz - History|url=http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx|website=Heinz.com|publisher=H.J. Heinz Company|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=July 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722103135/http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1930, Howard Heinz, son of Henry Heinz, helped to fight the downturn of the Great Depression by selling ready-to-serve soups and baby food. They became top sellers.

The Pittsburgh plant included a large "Heinz service building", which included three dining rooms and a 3,000-seat auditorium. The auditorium included a pipe organ, and Heinz employed an organist to give recitals and musical programs. The original organ was severely damaged in the [[Pittsburgh flood of 1936|1936 Pittsburgh floods]], it was replaced with a new Kimball organ that had four manuals and 57 sets of pipes. The original organ was restored and installed in Grace Methodist Church in [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania|Sharpsburg]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1, 1944 |title=Organ Music is 58th Variety in Heinz Plant |url=https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/194401TheDiapason.pdf |journal=[[The Diapason]] |volume=35 |issue=2 |page=1 |access-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108203153/https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/194401TheDiapason.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During World War II, [[H. J. Heinz II|"Jack" Heinz]] led the company as president and CEO to aid the United Kingdom and offset food shortages. Its plant in Pittsburgh was converted for a time to manufacture gliders for the War Department.

In the postwar years, Jack Heinz expanded the company to develop plants in several nations overseas, greatly expanding its international presence. He also acquired [[Ore-Ida]] and [[StarKist|Starkist Tuna]].

In 1959, long-time Heinz employee Frank Armour Jr. was elected president<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Personnel: Change of the Week, Jan. 19, 1959|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,869013,00.html|magazine=Time | access-date=January 25, 2016|date=January 19, 1959}}</ref> and COO of H.&nbsp;J. Heinz Co., succeeding H.&nbsp;J. Heinz II. He was the first non-family member to hold the job since the company started in 1869. He became vice chairman in 1966, and later became chairman and CEO of Heinz subsidiary, Ore-Ida Foods Inc.<ref>{{cite news|title=Search Results Guiding Force Behind Heinz Hall, Frank Armour Jr. Dies At 69|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19780510&id=FeEhAAAAIBAJ&pg=2404,4368852&hl=en|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|access-date=January 25, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Heinz logo.svg|thumb|200px|Secondary logo since 1969]]
In 1969, [[Tony O'Reilly]] joined the company's UK subsidiary, soon becoming its [[managing director]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2002|title=Dethroning Tony|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/1028/154.html|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> He moved to [[Pittsburgh]] in 1971 when he was promoted to senior vice president for the North America and Pacific region.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 27, 2009|title=Anthony O'Reilly|url=https://www.europeanceo.com/profiles/anthony-oreilly-independent-news-amp-media-group/|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=europeanceo.com}}</ref> By 1973, Heinz selected him as president.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Timberlake|first=Cotten|date=September 3, 1989|title=The Not-So-Secret Life of Heinz Chairman Anthony O'Reilly|url=https://apnews.com/article/15e64df2fe2912af7296249052448903|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>  He became CEO in 1979 and chairman in 1987.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last= Nauright|first=John|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Tony O'Reilly|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tony-OReilly|date=July 2, 2007|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica, inc.}}</ref>

[[File:Heinz oven-baked beans newspaper.png|thumb|right|upright|Heinz Oven-Baked Beans newspaper ad from 1919]]
Between 1981 and 1991, Heinz returned 28% annually, doubling the [[Standard & Poor's]] average annual return for those years.<ref name="fortu2000">{{cite web|title=Bottled Up Profits aren't flowing like they used to at packaged-goods companies. Can green ketchup and Tuna in a Pouch save Heinz? |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/09/18/287706/ |date=September 18, 2000 |first=Julie |last=Creswell |publisher=[[CNNMoney.com]] |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=August 31, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208082640/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/09/18/287706/ |archive-date=February 8, 2013 }}</ref>  By 2000, the consolidation of grocery store chains, the spread of retailers such as [[Walmart]], and growth of [[private-label]] brands caused competition for shelf space, and put price pressure on the company's products.<ref name="fortu2000"/>  The decline was also attributed to an inadequate response to broad [[Demographic history of the United States|demographic changes in the United States]], particularly the [[demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans|growth in population among Hispanic]] and increased spending power of [[African Americans#Demographics|African Americans]].<ref name="fortu2000"/>

In 1998, Tony O'Reilly left Heinz after issues with the company's performance. He faced challenges from corporate governance groups and pension funds including [[CalPERS]].<ref name="BW1997-09-17">Lead cover story: "The CEO and the Board", ''Business Week'', September 15, 1997</ref> He was succeeded by his deputy, [[William R. Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web|date=January 19, 2015|last=Gough|first=Paul J.|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/blog/morning-edition/2015/01/former-heinz-ceo-named-to-board-of-pepsico.html|title= Former Heinz CEO named to board of PepsiCo|newspaper= [[Pittsburgh Business Times]]}}</ref>

===21st century===
In 2001, Heinz acquired the pasta sauce, dry bouillon and soup business of [[Borden (company)|Borden Foods]]. CEO [[William R. Johnson]] stated that "They fit very well with our tomato-based expertise".<ref>{{Cite web| title = Heinz buys Borden units for $270M - Jun. 6, 2001| access-date = July 16, 2018| url = https://money.cnn.com/2001/06/06/deals/heinz/}}</ref>

On August 22, 2001, Heinz announced that it would acquire the Anchor Food Products' branded products, which included the Poppers line of appetizers, as well as the licensing rights to the [[TGI Fridays]] brand of frozen foods and appetizers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heinz & McCain acquire Anchor Foods |url=https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2001/08/23/Heinz-McCain-acquire-Anchor-Foods |access-date=July 30, 2020 |work=foodnavigator.com |date=August 22, 2001 |archive-date=August 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817174823/https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2001/08/23/Heinz-McCain-acquire-Anchor-Foods |url-status=dead }}</ref> The acquisition was completed on September 25.<ref>{{cite news |title=Heinz acquires Anchor's branded products |url=https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2001/09/26/Heinz-acquires-Anchor-s-branded-products |access-date=July 30, 2020 |work=foodnavigator.com |date=September 25, 2001 |archive-date=August 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817174824/https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2001/09/26/Heinz-acquires-Anchor-s-branded-products |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Billionaire [[Nelson Peltz]] initiated a [[proxy battle]] during 2006, culminating in a vote to place five of Peltz's nominees on the Board. After the final vote, two of the five nominees joined the Heinz Board. The new members of the board were Nelson Peltz and Matthew Craig Walsh.

In 2002, Heinz announced that it had sold the StarKist and [[9Lives]] brands to [[Del Monte Foods]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Heinz sells several units to Del Monte |url=https://www.upi.com/Business_News/2002/06/13/Heinz-sells-several-units-to-Del-Monte/25751023982057/ |access-date=December 14, 2019 |work=UPI |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2008, Heinz began an advertising campaign in the UK for their new "New York Deli Mayo" products. The advertisement featured two men kissing in a family setting, which drew 200 complaints to the [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article4205422.ece| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021152/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article4205422.ece| url-status= dead| archive-date= May 10, 2011|work=[[The Times]]|title=Heinz pulls mayonnaise ad over gay kiss furore|access-date= June 25, 2008 | location=London | first=Jenny | last=Booth | date=June 24, 2008}}</ref> On June 24, 2008, Heinz withdrew the advertisement, which had been planned for a five-week run. The company said that some of its customers had expressed concerns.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jun/24/asa.advertising|work=The Guardian|title=Heinz pulls ad showing men kissing|access-date= June 25, 2008 | location=London | first=Mark | last=Sweney | date=June 24, 2008}}</ref> Withdrawing the advert was also controversial, with critics accusing Heinz of [[homophobia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/kiss-goodbye-to-your-sales-stonewall-tells-homophobic-heinz-after-advert-is-pulled-853510.html|work=The Independent|title=Kiss goodbye to your sales, Stonewall tells 'homophobic' Heinz after advert is pulled|access-date=June 25, 2008|location=London|first=Terri|last=Judd|date=June 25, 2008|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111162446/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/kiss-goodbye-to-your-sales-stonewall-tells-homophobic-heinz-after-advert-is-pulled-853510.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The gay rights group [[Stonewall (charity)|Stonewall]] called for a boycott of Heinz products. Some expressed surprise that it had responded to what they said was a relatively small number of complaints, compared to the UK's estimated 3.6&nbsp;million gay and lesbian consumers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/24/advertising.gayrights|work=The Guardian|title=Beanz meanz bigotz|access-date= June 25, 2008 | location=London | first=Ben | last= Summerskill | date=June 24, 2008}}</ref> [[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Diane Abbott]] called the decision to withdraw the advert "ill-considered" and "likely to offend the gay community".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=36210&SESSION=891 |title=Early Day Motion 1889 |publisher=Edmi.parliament.uk |access-date=December 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528010945/http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=36210&SESSION=891 |archive-date=May 28, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On February 14, 2013, it was announced that Heinz would be purchased by [[Berkshire Hathaway]] and [[3G Capital]] for $23{{nbsp}}billion.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|title=Buffett, Brazil's 3G team up for $23 billion Heinz buyout|last1=Berkowitz|first1=Ben|last2=Geller|first2=Martinne|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-berkshire-heinz-idUSBRE91D0PY20130215|work=Reuters|date=February 15, 2013|access-date=February 15, 2013|archive-date=February 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215154946/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/15/us-berkshire-heinz-idUSBRE91D0PY20130215|url-status=live}}</ref> Including debt assumption the transaction was valued at $28{{nbsp}}billion.<ref name="Reuters"/> According to Heinz, the deal was the largest in food industry history.<ref name="Reuters"/> Berkshire Hathaway and 3G would each own half of Heinz, with 3G running the company.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324432004578304460522768842|title=In Heinz, Berkshire to Let Others Run Show|last=Holm|first=Erik|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=February 14, 2013|access-date=February 15, 2013}}</ref> Berkshire and 3G paid $72.50 a share.<ref name="WP">{{cite news|title=Berkshire joins 3G Capital to buy Heinz in $23 billion deal|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/berkshire-joins-3g-capital-to-buy-heinz-in-23-billion-deal/2013/02/14/c14df8cc-76ad-11e2-b102-948929030e64_story.html|last=Tracer|first=Zachary|date=February 14, 2013|access-date=February 15, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The acquisition was completed in June of that year. Berkshire and 3G immediately named [[Bernardo Hees]], former chief executive of [[Burger King|Burger King Worldwide Inc]], as the CEO.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-ends-relationship-with-heinz-2013-10 | title=McDonald's Is Cutting Ties With Heinz For Hiring Former Burger King CEO | date=October 25, 2013 | access-date=October 25, 2013 }}</ref>

On August 13, 2013, Heinz announced it was cutting 600 jobs in North America.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323446404579011002050755642 | title=Heinz to Shed 600 Jobs in North America | work=The Wall Street Journal | date=August 13, 2013 | access-date=August 14, 2013}}</ref>
On October 25, 2013, fast-food chain [[McDonald's]] announced it would end its 40-year relationship with Heinz, after the former [[Burger King]], McDonald's competitor, chief Hees became CEO of Heinz.<ref name="YF-Heinz-2013">{{cite web|last=Baertlein|first=Lisa|title=Ketchup changeup: McDonald's dropping Heinz after CEO change|date=October 25, 2013 |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ketchup-changeup-heinz-ceo-prompts-194107781.html|publisher=Yahoo Finance|access-date=October 26, 2013}}</ref>

On March 25, 2015, Kraft Foods Group Inc. announced that it would merge with the H. J. Heinz Company, owned by [[3G Capital]] and [[Berkshire Hathaway]] Inc., to form the world's fifth-largest food and beverage company.<ref>{{cite press release |author= <!--Staff writers--> |title= H.J. Heinz Company And Kraft Foods Group Sign Definitive Merger Agreement To Form The Kraft Heinz Company |url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hj-heinz-company-and-kraft-foods-group-sign-definitive-merger-agreement-to-form-the-kraft-heinz-company-300055709.html |date= March 25, 2015 |access-date= March 26, 2015}}</ref> The companies completed the merger on July 2, 2015, with the latter changing its name to the Kraft Heinz Foods Company.<ref name="Name change - CA SOS" /><ref>{{cite press release |url= http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-3QV6OO/323056694x0x837780/6F5AAFFE-7E3B-4804-8EEF-0B3F8743B03D/FINAL_Closing_Day_Press_Release.pdf |title= The Kraft Heinz Company Announces Successful Completion of the Merger between Kraft Foods Group and H.J. Heinz Holding Corporation |date= July 2, 2015 |access-date= January 23, 2015 |publisher= The Kraft Heinz Company |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150714043557/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-3QV6OO/323056694x0x837780/6F5AAFFE-7E3B-4804-8EEF-0B3F8743B03D/FINAL_Closing_Day_Press_Release.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2015}}</ref>

In 2024, Carlos Abrams-Rivera took over as CEO of Kraft Heinz Co.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newman |first=Jesse |date=14 August 2023 |title=Kraft Heinz Names Carlos Abrams-Rivera as Next CEO |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/kraft-heinz-names-carlos-abrams-rivera-as-next-ceo-ec02d5e7 |access-date=10 September 2024 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>