Editing Heineken N.V. (section)

==History==
===Gerard Adriaan Heineken===
The Heineken company was founded in 1864 when the 22-year-old [[Gerard Adriaan Heineken]] bought a brewery known as De Hooiberg (the haystack) in [[Amsterdam]]. In 1869 Heineken switched to the use of [[bottom-fermenting yeast]]. In 1873 the brewery's name changed to Heineken's Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij (HBM), and opened a second brewery in [[Rotterdam]] in 1874. In 1886 [[Dr. H. Elion]], a pupil of the French [[chemist]] [[Louis Pasteur]], developed the "Heineken A-yeast" in the Heineken laboratory. This [[yeast]] is still the key ingredient of Heineken beer.

===Henry Pierre Heineken===
The founder's son, {{Interlanguage link multi|Henry Pierre Heineken|nl}}, managed the company from 1917 to 1940, and continued involvement with the company until 1951. During his tenure, Heineken developed techniques to maintain consistent beer quality during large-scale production.

After [[World War I]], the company focused more and more on exports. Three days after [[Prohibition]] ended in the United States, the first Heineken shipment landed in New York. From that day on, Heineken has remained one of the most successful imported beer brands in the United States.

===Alfred Henry Heineken===
[[File:HeinekenExperience.jpg|thumb|Interior of the former Heineken brewery in [[Amsterdam]], which is now the museum [[Heineken Experience]]]]
[[File:Heineken Museum Experience , Amsterdam - Ank Kumar 01.jpg|thumb|Exterior of the former Heineken brewery in [[Amsterdam]], which is now the museum [[Heineken Experience]]]]
On 1 June 1941, Henry Pierre's son, [[Freddy Heineken|Alfred Henry "Freddy" Heineken]], entered the service of the Heineken company, which by then was no longer owned by the family. Freddy bought back stock several years later, to ensure the family controlled the company again, and in 1971 was appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. He was a powerful force behind Heineken's continued global expansion, and while he retired from the Executive Board in 1989, he maintained involvement with the company until his death in 2002.[[File:Heineken logo.svg|thumb|Corporate logo used until 2011]]During this period, Heineken tried to increase its stock price by purchasing competing breweries and closing them down. After [[World War II]], many small breweries were bought or closed. In 1968 Heineken merged with its biggest competitor, [[Amstel (beer)|Amstel]], and in 1975 opened a new brewery in [[Zoeterwoude]]. The Amstel brewery was closed in 1980, and its production moved to Zoeterwoude and [[Den Bosch]].

===Recent history===
Since mid-2007, Heineken has taken ownership of former S&N International brands such as [[Strongbow (cider)|Strongbow]] and [[Bulmers]] ciders and [[John Smith's Brewery|John Smith's]] and [[Newcastle Brown Ale]] beers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken International Brands |url=http://www.heinekeninternational.com/products_brands_brands.aspx |access-date=28 April 2007 |website=heinekeninternational.com |publisher=Heineken International |archive-date=13 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513013623/http://www.heinekeninternational.com/products_brands_brands.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> With the part acquisition of [[Scottish and Newcastle]] in 2007/2008, Heineken became the third-largest brewer based on revenues, behind the Belgian-Brazilian [[AB InBev]] and the British-South African [[SABMiller|SAB]]. Heineken owns the Czech brand Dačický, which was brewed in [[Kutná Hora]] from 1573 until Heineken took ownership of it and closed the brewery in 2009.<ref name="Lidovky">{{Cite web |last=Petr |first=Miroslav |title=Heineken Kutnou Horu zavřel, teď se tam výroba piva opět vrátila Zdroj |url=https://www.lidovky.cz/relax/pivo-a-pivovary/heineken-kutnou-horu-zavrel-ted-se-tam-vyroba-piva-opet-vratila.A170602_190620_ln-pivo_mpt |access-date=18 April 2020 |website=Lidové noviny|date=2 June 2017 }}</ref>

In October 2016, following the merger between [[Anheuser-Busch InBev]] and [[SABMiller]], Heineken became the second largest brewer in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blenkinsop |first=Philip |date=20 January 2017 |title=Heineken in talks over Kirin's struggling Brazil business |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kirin-holdings-m-a-heineken-nl-idUSKBN154120 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

On 12 January 2010, Heineken International successfully bought the brewery division of Mexican giant [[FEMSA]] in all-stock deal expanding its reach throughout Latin America.  The deal brought brands such as [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Dos Equis|Dos Equis]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Sol|Sol]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Tecate|Tecate]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Indio|Indio]], [[Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery#Sol|Bohemia]] and Kloster. Following the deal, Heineken started selling its products in Latin America through FEMSA's distribution network. The deal made [[FEMSA]] 20% owner of Heineken N.V. essentially becoming its largest single shareholder after the Dutch families (Heineken family and Hoyer family) who owns 25.83% and public shareholders owning 54.17%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2014 |title=Ownership Structure |url=http://www.theheinekencompany.com/investors/governance/ownership-structure---publish-only |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415011510/http://www.theheinekencompany.com/investors/governance/ownership-structure---publish-only |archive-date=15 April 2014 |access-date=12 April 2014 |publisher=Heineken International}}</ref> The FEMSA acquisition is expected to keep Heineken in its strong position by growing its market share in the Latin American markets. FEMSA has a massive distribution network and owns Mexico's largest convenience store chain [[OXXO]], which has thousands of locations throughout the country.[[Image:Former Heineken Brewery in Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|Exterior of the former Heineken brewery in Amsterdam on Stadhouderskade and [[Ferdinand Bolstraat]]]]In September 2014, it was announced that Heineken would sell its Mexican packaging business Empaque to Crown for around $1.23 billion.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-heineken-nl-crown-holdings-divestitur-idUSKBN0GW1IZ20140901 Heineken to sell Mexican can, bottle maker to Crown]. [[Reuters]], 1 September 2014</ref> Also during that month, Heineken revealed it was in talks to sell its Czech operations to [[Molson Coors Brewing Company|Molson Coors]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-heineken-nl-divestiture-molson-coors-idUSKBN0H40IU20140909 Heineken in talks to sell Czech operations to Molson Coors]. [[Reuters]], 9 September 2014</ref>

On 10 September 2015, Heineken International announced it would acquire a 50% stake in [[Lagunitas Brewing Company]] of Petaluma in California as part of an effort to allow it (Lagunitas) to expand its operations globally. As part of the deal, Lagunitas would no longer be considered a craft brewer as the Heineken stake was greater than 25%.<ref>John Kell, [http://fortune.com/2015/09/08/heineken-lagunitas-craft/ "Heineken buys 50% stake in craft brewer Lagunitas"], ''Fortune'', 10 September 2015</ref>

In January 2017, Heineken announced it was in negotiations to buy the [[Kirin Company]]'s 12 breweries in Brazil.<ref name="Blenkinsop" /> The following month, Heineken closed the deal and bought [[Brasil Kirin]] for US$700&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inagaki |first=Kana |date=13 February 2017 |title=Kirin ends Brazilian venture with $700m sale to Heineken |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2d8a21de-f1eb-11e6-8758-6876151821a6 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/2d8a21de-f1eb-11e6-8758-6876151821a6 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 February 2017 |website=Financial Times |publisher=The Financial Times Ltd |quote=Deal makes Dutch group the second-biggest brewer in the world’s third-largest beer market.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=van Tartwijk |first=Maarten |date=20 January 2017 |title=Heineken in Talks to Buy Kirin's Brazil Assets |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |place=New York |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/heineken-in-talks-to-buy-kirins-brazil-assets-1484916897 |access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref>

On 4 May 2017, after previously acquiring 50% of Lagunitas Brewing Company, Heineken announced it would be purchasing the remaining 50% making it the sole owner of Lagunitas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swindell |first=Bill |date=4 May 2017 |title=Heineken buys remaining 50 percent interest in Lagunitas Brewing Co. |url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/business/6958589-181/heineken-buys-the-remaining-50 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=The Press Democrat |publisher=Sonoma Media Investments, LLC |quote=Heineken is buying Lagunitas in a deal to help propel the craft beer sector globally amid a rapidly changing industry. |archive-date=8 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508021732/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/business/6958589-181/heineken-buys-the-remaining-50 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2018, [[Heineken]] signed an agreement with [[China Resources Enterprises]] to purchase a 40% stake into the company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2018 |title=Heineken tekent miljardenovereenkomst met grootste Chinese brouwer |url=https://www.nu.nl/economie/5396297/heineken-tekent-miljardenovereenkomst-met-grootste-chinese-brouwer.html}}</ref>

In June 2018, Heineken named Maggie Timoney as the CEO of Heineken USA, making her the first woman to become the CEO of a major United States beer supplier.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schultz |first=E.J. |date=5 June 2018 |title=Heineken Shatters U.S. Beer Industry's Glass Ceiling, Names Female CEO |work=[[Advertising Age]] |url=http://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/beer-industry-s-glass-ceiling-shattered/313748/ |access-date=6 June 2018}}</ref>

In June 2021, Heineken's stake in [[United Breweries Group|United Breweries]] of India increased to 61.5%, ultimately taking control of the company.<ref name="mallyastake">{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Dev |last2=Sahu |first2=Ram Prasad |date=23 June 2021 |title=Heineken buys Mallya's 15% stake to take control of United Breweries |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/heineken-buys-mallya-s-15-stake-to-take-control-of-united-breweries-121062301710_1.html |access-date=16 June 2022}}</ref>

In April 2023, Heineken completed the acquisition of [[Distell Group Limited|Distell]] and [[Namibia Breweries Limited|Namibia Breweries]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Jessica |date=27 April 2023 |title=Heineken completes Distell and Namibia Breweries acquisition |url=https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2023/04/heineken-completes-distell-and-namibia-breweries-acquisition/ |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=The Drinks Business |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In May 2023, Heineken N.V. bought back €333 million in shares from [[FEMSA]]. FEMSA would no longer hold any shares in Heineken N.V. and Heineken Holding N.V. other than the Heineken Holding N.V. shares underlying the exchangeable bond.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heineken N.V. purchases €333 million in shares from FEMSA |url=https://www.theheinekencompany.com/newsroom/heineken-nv-purchases-333-million-in-shares-from-femsa/ |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=Heineken N.V. purchases €333 million in shares from FEMSA |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2023, Heineken announced the sale of assets in Russia to the [[Arnest Group]] for €1 plus a €100 million commitment to repay domestic debt.<ref name=":0" />