Editing Heemskerk (section)

==History==
The town was formed during the [[Middle Ages]]. In an official deed from the year of 1063, the town was known as ''Hemezen Kyrica'', Latinized Frisian meaning Church of Hemezen, a [[Frisians|Frisian]] nun who lived in a religious house there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heemskerk - Netherlands |url=https://ermakvagus.com/Europe/Holland/Heemskerk/Heemskerk.htm |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=ermakvagus.com}}</ref> Heemskerk knows many historical monuments, among them the ''Huldtoneel'' (lit. the "Inaugurate Stage"), an artificial hill located near the current Rijksstraatweg, where once the [[Count of Holland|Counts of Holland]] were inaugurated. According to tradition, the Huldtoneel was used before the [[Roman Era]] as a [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] sanctuary. In the nineteenth century Jonkheer Gevers finally made the Huldtoneel a monument – as it is known today – and ordered passers-by to honour the monument.

Many battles have been fought in Heemskerk. Two castles—[[Oud Haerlem Castle]] and [[Marquette Castle|Heemskerk Castle]]—were built in the twelfth and thirteenth century respectively to protect the [[County of Holland]] against the [[West Friesland (historical region)|West Frisians]]. In the fifteenth century the residents of Heemskerk fought each other during the [[Hook and Cod wars]], in which both castles were destroyed. The Oud Haerlem castle was never rebuilt, Castle Heemskerk however was. In 1492, a rebellion by the people of Kennemerland was brutally beaten down by the Austrian conquerors, on the place where today the cemetery of the Hervormde Kerk (Reformed Church) is located.
[[File:Gem-Heemskerk-OpenTopo.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Dutch Topographic map of Heemskerk, June 2015]]
[[File:Heemskerk1630.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Castle Heemskerk circa 1630.]]
In 1610, the Castle Heemskerk was renamed to Castle Marquette and was at first the residence for many nobles and later inhabited by [[Patrician (post-Roman Europe)|patricians]]. The last noble family that lived there were the House of Gevers. Today Castle Marquette is owned by the Spanish hotelgroup [[NH Hoteles]] and is the site of many weddings, conferences, and company courses, while the estate grounds are favoured for wedding photos.

Located on the eastside of Heemskerk is [[Castle Assumburg]], built from the remains of Kasteel Oud Haerlem in 1546. The Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk (Dutch Reformed Church) at the Nielenplein and Kerkplein is built in 1628, but it has a tower from the Middle Ages. In the graveyard around the church is a copy of a monument dedicated to the father of painter [[Maarten van Heemskerck]]. The original is located inside the church.

===Agricultural village===
[[File:Heemskerk de oude dorpskern.JPG|thumb|230px|left|The old village around 1915-30.<ref>J. Van Venetien (1968). ''Hart van Kennemerland: Album van het leven en werken in Midden-Kennemerland door de eeuwen heen''. p.212.</ref>]]
After the time of [[knights]] and nobles, Heemskerk remained a small, quiet village near the dunes. Its residents, who mainly worked in agriculture and keeping cattle, had good, but also some very bad times. From the time that products—mainly strawberries for the neighbouring town [[Beverwijk]], where the fruits were sold—were brought to the market with donkeys, people from Heemskerk got the name of Donkey as a nickname and symbol.

The former town hall was built in 1911 after a design by [[Jan Stuyt]] and was raised with an additional floor in 1949. Today this is the building where Janssen's notary office is located. The Roman Catholic Laurentiuskerk, designed by architect [[J. H. Tonnaer]], was completed in 1891 and is a rare example of a Catholic church in Holland in a [[Renaissance Revival architecture|neo-renaissance]] style. There is nothing left of other historical monuments, like Castle Oud Haerlem.