Editing Hedeby (section)

==Name==

[[File:Haithabu Haddebyer Noor WT2005.jpg|thumb|Site of the former town of Hedeby]]
[[File:Denmark vikings 3.jpg|thumb|Map of Viking Denmark with Hedeby at the southern edge]]
[[File:SchleiSlien.png|thumb|Bilingual map of the Schlei (German and Danish placenames)]]
[[File:Haithabu-msu-2020-9-8561.jpg|thumb|right|Two reconstructed houses at Hedeby]]

The Old Norse name ''Heiða-býr'' simply translates to "heath-settlement" (''heiðr'' "[[Heath (habitat)|heath]]" and ''býr'' = "yard; settlement, village, town"). The name is recorded in numerous spelling variants.<ref>{{cite book |first=Hildegard |last=Elsner |year=1989 |title=Wikinger Museum Haithabu: Schaufenster einer frühen Stadt |location=Neumünster |publisher=Wachholtz |page=13}}</ref>

* ''Heiðabýr'' is the reconstructed name in standard [[Old Norse]], also anglicized as ''Heithabyr''.
* The [[Stone of Eric]], a 10th-century Danish [[runestone]] with an inscription mentioning ᚼᛅᛁᚦᛅ᛭ᛒᚢ (''haiþa bu''), found in 1796.<ref name="DR1">[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk] - [[Rundata]] entry for DR 1.[http://www.arild-hauge.com/arild-hauge/de-rune-haddeby1-b.jpg]</ref>
* Old English ''æt Hæðum'', from [[Ohthere of Hålogaland|Ohtere]]'s and [[Wulfstan of Hedeby|Wulfstan]]'s accounts of their travels to [[Alfred the Great]] in the Old English [[Orosius]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Old English Orosius |url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/old-english-orosius |website=The British Library |access-date=27 October 2018 |language=en |at=Digitised image 18 &mdash; f. 9v |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803042628/https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/old-english-orosius |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Orosius |first1=Paulus |last2=Alfred |first2=King of England |last3=Bosworth |first3=Joseph |last4=Hampson |first4=Robert Thomas |title=King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Compendious history of the world by Orosius |date=1859 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/kingalfredsangl00boswgoog/page/n284}}</ref>
* ''Hedeby'', the modern Danish spelling, also most commonly used in English.
* ''[[Haddeby]]'' is the [[Low German]] form, also the name of the administrative district formed in 1949 and named for the site; in 1985, the district introduced a coat of arms featuring a bell with a [[Younger Futhark|runic]] inscription reading ᚼᛁᚦᛅ᛬ᛒᚢ (''hiþa:bu'').<ref>[https://www.haddeby.de/seite/179341/unser-amt.html Unser Amt (haddeby.de)]</ref>
* ''Haithabu'' is the modern German spelling used when referring to the historical settlement; this spelling represents the transliteration of the name as found in the [[Stone of Eric]] inscription; it was introduced among other variants in antiquarian literature in the 19th century and has since become the standard German name of the settlement.<ref>"''Haddeby'', vormals Heidabu, Haithabu, Heidebo, Hethäbye" 
Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus, ''Schweden, Norwegen u. Dänemark die 3 skandinavischen Reiche'' Hasselberg (1858), [https://books.google.com/books?id=a8xAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA890 p. 890].</ref>

Sources from the 9th and 10th century AD also attest to the names ''Sliesthorp'' and ''Sliaswich'' (cf. ''[[:wikt:þorp|-thorp]]'' vs. ''[[:wikt:-wich|-wich]]''), and the town of [[Schleswig (city)|Schleswig]] still exists 3&nbsp;km north of Hedeby.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=von Steinsdorff |first1=Katja |last2=Grupe |first2=Gisela |title=Reconstruction of an Aquatic Food Web: Viking Haithabu vs. Medieval Schleswig |journal=Anthropologischer Anzeiger |date=2006 |volume=64 |issue=3 |page=285 |jstor=29542750}}</ref> However, [[Æthelweard (historian)|Æthelweard]] claimed in his Latin translation of the [[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]] that the Saxons used ''Slesuuic'' and the Danes ''Haithaby'' to refer to the same town.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Hardy |editor1-first=Thomas Duffus |editor2-last=Petrie |editor2-first=Henry |title=Monumenta Historica Britannica, Or Materials for the History of Britain from the Earliest Period |date=1848 |publisher=Eyret |page=502 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1v31IRyUdsC&pg=RA1-PA502 |language=la}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Giles |editor1-first=John Allen |title=Old English chronicles: including Ethelwerd's chronicle, Asser's Life of Alfred, Geoffrey of Monmouth's British history, Gildas, Nennius, together with the spurious Chronicle of Richard of Cirencester |date=1906 |publisher=London: G. Bell |page=[https://archive.org/details/oldenglishchroni00gileuoft/page/5 5] |url=https://archive.org/details/oldenglishchroni00gileuoft}}</ref>