Editing Hawthorne, California (section)

==History==
[[File: Antonio Ygnacio Ávila (Rancho Sausal Redondo) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Hawthorne was originally part of [[Rancho Sausal Redondo]], granted in 1837 to Antonio Ygnacio Ávila, of the prominent [[Ávila family of California]].]]

Hawthorne was once part of the ''Rancho Sausal Redondo'' (Round Willow-grove Ranch) of the {{convert|22458|acre|km2|0|adj=on}} [[Ranchos of California|Mexican land grant]] in present-day [[Los Angeles County, California]] given in 1837 to [[Ávila family of California|Antonio Ygnacio Ávila]] by [[Juan Bautista Alvarado|Juan Alvarado]] the Mexican Governments Governor of [[Alta California]].<ref>Ogden Hoffman, 1862, ''Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California'', Numa Hubert, San Francisco</ref>  ''Rancho Sausal Redondo'' covered the area that now includes [[Playa Del Rey, California|Playa Del Rey]], [[El Segundo, California|El Segundo]], [[Manhattan Beach, California|Manhattan Beach]], [[Lawndale, California|Lawndale]], [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]], [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]], Hawthorne, and [[Redondo Beach, California|Redondo Beach]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Diseño del Rancho Sausal Redondo : Calif.] |url=https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb8h4nb562/?layout=metadata&brand=calisphere |website=oac.cdlib.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Map of old Spanish and Mexican ranchos in Los Angeles County |url=http://digarc.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/search/CHS-13060 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727105850/http://digarc.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/search/CHS-13060 |archive-date=July 27, 2016 |access-date=August 8, 2023}}</ref>

Hawthorne was founded in 1905 as the "Hawthorne Improvement Company" by real estate developers B.L. Harding and H.D. Lombard. Harding's daughter shared her birthday—July 4, American Independence Day—with New England author [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], and a decision was made to name the small village after him.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dixon |first1=Walt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaCZmC905agC&pg=PP1 |title=Hawthorne |last2=Roberts |first2=Jerry |publisher=Arcadia |year=2005 |isbn=9780738529714 |pages=10 |via=[[Google Books]] |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921081607/https://books.google.com/books?id=qaCZmC905agC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hawthorne was once a "whites only" settlement, commonly called a [[sundown town]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Erin Aubry |date=January 24, 2007 |title=Sun Hasn't Set on 'Sundown Towns' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-24-oe-kaplan24-story.html |access-date=December 2, 2017 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921081608/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-24-oe-kaplan24-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During the 1930s, signs warned African-Americans to be out of Hawthorne by sundown.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wexler |first=Laura |date=October 23, 2005 |title=Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of ''Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism'' by James W. Loewen) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html |access-date=December 2, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |page=BW03}}</ref>