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==History== Haute-Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the [[provinces of France|former provinces]] of [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]], [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]], [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] and [[Franche-Comté]].<ref name=Hutchinson>''Haute-Marne'', Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia. Research Machines plc. September 8, 2005. accessed on October 19, 2006.</ref> <!-- From: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Haute-Marne --> <!-- translated, but doesn't really make sense without some more previous text. The [[Thirty Years' War]] brought new hardship, but under the [[Bourbon]]s, Haute-Marne suffered relatively little. It had valleys with rich soils, plentiful supplies of wood for construction, iron for metal production, and a growing wine industry. There were [[Jesuit]] colleges in [[Langres]] and [[Chaumont]]. --> In March 1814 the departmental [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]], Chaumont, was the unwitting witness to the end of the [[First French Empire|First Empire]]. On 1 March, [[Prussia]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] signed an accord forbidding any individual peace deal with [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]], and to fight until his final defeat. During [[World War II]], Haute-Marne was partitioned under German occupation. The canal which runs from the [[Marne (river)|Marne]] to the [[Saône]] served as a border, dividing the department into east and west. The east was a "reserved zone", intended for the creation of a new German ([[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]) state, whereas to the west would be the traditional "occupied zone". Haute-Marne was finally liberated by the Allies, in the form of the division of [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque|General Leclerc]], between August and September 1944. <!-- La Guerre de Trente Ans amènent de nouveaux périls, mais sous les Bourbons l'actuelle Haute-Marne est relativement épargnée par les guerres. Les vallées sont de bonnes terres agricoles, les forges et les hauts-fourneaux se multiplient, le minerais de fer est abondant dans la moitié Nord du département, la vigne se développe, les forêts sont de plus en plus exploitées, des collèges Jésuites fonctionnent à Langres et Chaumont. En 1814 Chaumont est le témoin involontaire de la fin prochaine du Ier Empire. En effet le 1er mars la Prusse, la Russie, l'Angleterre et l'Autriche signent un accord où elles s'engagent à ne pas conclure de paix séparée et à combattre l'empereur Napoléon Ier jusqu'à sa défaite finale. Pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale la Haute-Marne est divisée sous l'occupation allemande. Le canal de la Marne à la Saône (qui traverse le département dans sa longueur du Nord au Sud) sert de frontière : à l'Est la "zone réservée", destinée à la création d'un pays thiois, et à l'Ouest la traditionnelle "zone occupée". La Haute-Marne est libérée par les Alliés, notamment par la division du Général Leclerc, entre fin Août et début Septembre 1944. -->
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