Editing Harlem (section)

==Geography<span class="anchor" id="Location and boundaries"></span>==
[[File:Harlem map2.svg|thumb|upright=1.1|A map of [[Upper Manhattan]], with Greater Harlem highlighted. Harlem proper is the neighborhood in the center.]]
Harlem is located in [[Upper Manhattan]]. The three neighborhoods comprising the greater Harlem area—West, Central, and East Harlem—stretch from the [[Harlem River]] and [[East River]] to the east, to the [[Hudson River]] to the west; and between 155th Street in the north, where it meets [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]], and an uneven boundary along the south that runs along [[96th Street (Manhattan)|96th Street]] east of [[Fifth Avenue]], [[110th Street (Manhattan)|110th Street]] between Fifth Avenue to [[Morningside Park (Manhattan)|Morningside Park]], and [[125th Street (Manhattan)|125th Street]] west of Morningside Park to the Hudson River.<ref name="nyc.gov"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/> ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' references these boundaries,<ref>{{cite web |title=Harlem – Location, History, & Facts |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=April 25, 2019 |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Harlem-New-York |access-date=June 7, 2019 |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702144700/https://www.britannica.com/place/Harlem-New-York |url-status=live }}</ref> though the ''[[Encyclopedia of New York City]]'' takes a much more conservative view of Harlem's boundaries, regarding only central Harlem as part of Harlem proper.<ref name=enc-nyc2>{{cite enc-nyc2}}</ref>{{rp|573}}

Central Harlem is the name of Harlem proper; it falls under Manhattan Community District 10.<ref name="nyc.gov"/> This section is bounded by Central Park North 110th street on the south; 155th street on the north; Fifth avenue on the east; and Morningside Park, St. Nicholas Avenue, and Edgecombe Avenue on the west.<ref name="nyc.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/mn10profile.pdf |title=Manhattan CD 10 Profile |access-date=May 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825143942/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/mn10profile.pdf |archive-date=August 25, 2014}}</ref> A chain of large linear parks includes [[Morningside Park (Manhattan)|Morningside Park]], [[St. Nicholas Park]], [[Jackie Robinson Park]], [[Rucker Park]], and [[Marcus Garvey Park]] (also known as Mount Morris Park) which separates this area from [[East Harlem]] to the east.<ref name="nyc.gov"/> Central Harlem includes the [[Mount Morris Park Historic District]].

West Harlem ([[Manhattanville, Manhattan|Manhattanville]], [[Hamilton Heights, Manhattan|Hamilton Heights]], and [[Sugar Hill, Manhattan|Sugar Hill]]) comprises Manhattan Community district 9. The three neighborhoods' area is bounded by Cathedral Parkway/110th Street on the south; 155th Street on the north; Manhattan/Morningside Ave/St. Nicholas/Bradhurst/Edgecombe Avenues on the east; and Riverside Park/the Hudson River on the west. Manhattanville begins at roughly 123rd Street and extends northward to 135th Street. The northernmost section of West Harlem is Hamilton Heights.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/mn9profile.pdf |title=Manhattan CD 9 Profile |access-date=May 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928060108/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/mn9profile.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref> A chain of large linear parks includes [[West Harlem Piers]], [[Riverbank State Park]], [[St. Nicholas Park]], and [[Jackie Robinson Park]].

[[East Harlem]], also called [[Spanish Harlem]] or ''El Barrio'', is located within Manhattan Community District 11, which is bounded by East 96th Street on the south, East 138th Street on the north, Fifth Avenue on the west, and the Harlem River on the east.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/mn11profile.pdf |title=Manhattan CD 11 Profile |access-date=May 28, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928060104/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/pdf/lucds/mn11profile.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref> A chain of parks includes [[Thomas Jefferson Park]] and [[Marcus Garvey Park]].

===SoHa controversy===
In the 2010s some [[real estate]] professionals started [[Neighborhood rebranding in New York City|rebranding]] south Harlem as "SoHa" (a name standing for "South Harlem" in the style of [[SoHo, Manhattan|SoHo]] or [[NoHo]]) in an attempt to accelerate [[gentrification]] of the neighborhoods. "SoHa", applied to the area between West 110th and 125th Streets, has become a controversial name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/nyregion/soha-in-harlem-the-misguided-madness-of-neighborhood-rebranding.html |work=The New York Times |title=SoHa in Harlem? The Misguided Madness of Neighborhood Rebranding|first=Ginia |last=Bellafante |date=July 6, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-date=June 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618053042/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/nyregion/soha-in-harlem-the-misguided-madness-of-neighborhood-rebranding.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='SoHa' Is a Renaissance Few in Harlem Want|first=Melanie Grayce |last=West |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=July 1, 2017 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/soha-is-a-renaissance-few-in-harlem-want-1498914001 |access-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093054/https://www.wsj.com/articles/soha-is-a-renaissance-few-in-harlem-want-1498914001 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='SoHa' Rebranding Effort In South Harlem Stirs Outrage |work=CBS New York |url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/26/south-harlem-soha/ |date=June 26, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004822/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/26/south-harlem-soha/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Residents and other critics seeking to prevent this renaming of the area have labelled the SoHa brand as "insulting and another sign of gentrification run amok"<ref>{{cite news |title=Attempt to Rebrand Harlem as 'SoHa' Leaves Residents Fuming |work=U.S. News & World Report |agency=AP |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/new-york/articles/2017-05-25/attempt-to-rebrand-harlem-as-soha-leaves-residents-fuming |date=May 25, 2017 |location=New York |access-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501005015/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/new-york/articles/2017-05-25/attempt-to-rebrand-harlem-as-soha-leaves-residents-fuming |url-status=live }}</ref> and have said that "the rebranding not only places their neighborhood's rich history under erasure but also appears to be intent on attracting new tenants, including students from nearby Columbia University".<ref name="auto">{{cite web |website=6sqft.com |url=https://www.6sqft.com/from-soha-to-nolita-the-practice-and-controversy-of-rebranding-nyc-neighborhoods/ |date=July 10, 2017 |title=From NoLiTa to SoHa: The practice and controversy of rebranding NYC neighborhoods |last=Etherington |first=Cait |access-date=April 30, 2018 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004804/https://www.6sqft.com/from-soha-to-nolita-the-practice-and-controversy-of-rebranding-nyc-neighborhoods/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Multiple New York City politicians have initiated legislative efforts to curtail this practice of neighborhood rebranding, which when successfully introduced in other New York City neighborhoods, have led to increases in rents and real estate values, as well as "shifting demographics".<ref name="auto"/> In 2011, U.S. Representative [[Hakeem Jeffries]] attempted but failed to implement legislation "that would punish real estate agents for inventing false neighborhoods and redrawing neighborhood boundaries without city approval."<ref name="auto"/> By 2017, New York State Senator [[Brian Benjamin]] also worked to render the practice of rebranding historically recognized neighborhoods  illegal.<ref name="auto"/>

===Political representation===
Politically, central Harlem is in [[New York's 13th congressional district]].<ref>[http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/CD_map_rep_13.pdf Congressional District 13] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303015431/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/CD_map_rep_13.pdf |date=March 3, 2020 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/CD_nyc.pdf New York City Congressional Districts] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224164245/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012c/CD_nyc.pdf |date=February 24, 2021 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.</ref> It is in the [[New York State Senate]]'s 30th district,<ref>[http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012s/SD_map_rep_30.pdf Senate District 30] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807203002/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012s/SD_map_rep_30.pdf |date=August 7, 2020 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012s/SD_nyc.pdf 2012 Senate District Maps: New York City] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224202014/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012s/SD_nyc.pdf |date=February 24, 2021 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed November 17, 2018.</ref> the [[New York State Assembly]]'s 68th and 70th districts,<ref>[http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012a/AD_map_rep_068.pdf Assembly District 68] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803211659/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012a/AD_map_rep_068.pdf |date=August 3, 2019 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
* [http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012a/AD_map_rep_070.pdf Assembly District 70] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802083152/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012a/AD_map_rep_070.pdf |date=August 2, 2019 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012a/AD_nyc.pdf 2012 Assembly District Maps: New York City] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225181526/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/2012a/AD_nyc.pdf |date=February 25, 2021 }}, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed November 17, 2018.</ref> and the [[New York City Council]]'s 7th, 8th, and 9th districts.<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/dc/downloads/pdf/manhattan.pdf Current City Council Districts for New York County] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203170907/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dc/downloads/pdf/manhattan.pdf |date=December 3, 2020 }}, [[New York City]]. Accessed May 5, 2017.</ref>