Editing Hanover, Massachusetts (section)

==History==

The area of Hanover was first inhabited by the local [[Wampanoag]] and [[Massachusett]] people before Europeans had settled. According to local history, there were a few documented sites being within the modern day border of Hanover, with one being in Assinippi, one in Pine Island Swamp, and the last being at Factory Pond, also known as Drinkwater Swamp. In the middle of the 17th century, the indigenous people were removed by force as waves of settlers from the British Isles started to migrate towards North America. The last of these natives in Hanover were removed in a small skirmish that occurred at the Factory Pond area in the 1630s. 

European settlement began when the land was settled by English settlers from [[Scituate, Massachusetts|Scituate]] in 1649 when William Barstow, a farmer, built a bridge along the North River at what is now Washington Street. When Barstow settled the town, he constructed a cabin that was located off what is known today as Oakland Avenue (formerly Back Street). According to ''Dwelley's History of Hanover (1849),'' [[Phineas Pratt]] of the [[Wessagusset Colony]] apparently spent a night crossing the Indian Head or North River in the Hanover/Pembroke area during his difficult journey from what is today Weymouth to Plymouth in 1623. 

During its first decades of settlement, the land was the westernmost portion of the town of Scituate, and it would officially separate and be incorporated as a town on June 14, 1727.  The name "Hanover" is probably a tribute to [[George I of Great Britain|King George I]], the first [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] [[King of Great Britain]]. (While George I died on June 11, 1727, the reports would not have reached the colonies until after the town's incorporation.) The origin of the name "Hanover/Hannover" however, comes from the Middle Low German ''ho'' or ''hoch'' meaning ''high'', and ''over'' meaning ''bank'' or ''shore''.

There are six separate villages settled within the town; North Hanover, Four Corners, West Hanover, Hanover Center, South Hanover, and Assinippi. Each village originally had its own school district, general store, and post offices.  Hanover's early industry revolved around farming, small mills, anchor forging, and several [[shipbuilding]] yards along the North River. The oldest building in Hanover with the best documentation to support it is the Daniel Turner house, built in the year 1693.

The ship named ''Grand Turk'' was built at Thomas Barstow's Two Oaks shipyard in Hanover along the North River.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Privateer ship 'Grand Turk' (1781) |url=https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=20370#NRAR |access-date=November 3, 2022 |website=threedecks.org}}</ref> The ship was used by [[Elias Hasket Derby]] and was later adopted as the logo for [[Old Spice]]. The "first" ''Grand Turk'', as it was known, was the first U.S. ship to trade with China and was a part of the Derby Mercantile House. The North River in 

Hanover was also the home of eleven smaller shipyards, with larger ones being Smiths shipyard and Barstow's Lower Yard. Another well known ship that was built in Hanover was the [[Oeno (ship)|Oeno]], in 1821 at Barstow's Lower Yard. The ship was wrecked off the coast of [[Fiji]] in 1825. Later industries would include tack factories and shoe factories along the smaller waterways in the town. The town was the site of the invention of the first tack-making machine, and making tacks and fireworks were among the industries of the later 19th century for Hanover. 

It is said that the old Cornet Stetson Mill that was built on the Hanover side of the Third Herring Brook, and burnt down during [[King Philip's War]], was the oldest mill in America.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nason |first=Elias |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFgoAAAAYAAJ&q=Hanover |title=A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts: With Numerous Illustrations |date=1890 |publisher=B.B. Russell |language=en}}</ref> On the Indian Head River, the E.H. Clapp Rubber Works was an industrial stronghold for the town during the nineteenth century, the original building is preserved at Luddam's Ford Park now. Immigrants from Ireland and the British Isles settled the lands of Hanover and the North River region, also many immigrants from Northern and Eastern Europe, specifically from Germany, Poland, Lithuania, and Scandinavia, immigrated into Hanover during the nineteenth century. 

At one point, from the late 1920s to the early 1940s, locals of Hanover and other parts of the North River area referred to West Hanover as "Little Poland". Today, Hanover is mostly residential. The [[Hanover Mall|Hanover Crossing]], along with Merchants Row and other shops, are located near the intersection of Routes 3 and 53. Hanover Center has many war memorials dedicated to veterans who fought and died in wars throughout United States history.[[File:The first Grand Turk ship.jpg|thumb|The first ''Grand Turk'' ship]]

During the [[American Revolution]], Hanover sent Colonel John Bailey and his men to help defend Boston Harbor and Castle Island for the patriots. Later in the war, they were sent on expeditions to Rhode Island and Manchester, New Hampshire. The Four Corners area of the town was the site of Wales Tavern, which also hosted [[Paul Revere]] and [[Daniel Webster]]. An Iron Forge in West Hanover had also gone from producing anchors, to producing cannons and cannonballs. The westernmost shipping point on the North River was located at Chapman's Landing near Luddam's Ford. Iron would come from [[Humarock]] on ships traveling up the river to Chapman's Landing in Hanover, where the iron would be forged. 

The Stetson family, in which created the famous hat company, originated in the North River area of Massachusetts. The Stetson family made some of their very first American homesteads in Hanover.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Our Town {{!}} Hanover MA |url=https://www.hanover-ma.gov/about-our-town |access-date=October 27, 2022 |website=www.hanover-ma.gov}}</ref> Slavery was also present in the town prior to the 1783 abolishment of slavery in Massachusetts, as one of the most prominent slave owners in the town was Job Tilden. The Tilden family of Hanover came to Scituate from England in 1634, the same Tilden family that of [[Samuel J. Tilden]].

During the mid to late 19th century, there was the [[Hanover Branch Railroad (Massachusetts)|Hanover Branch Railroad]], which had stations from Hanover Four Corners to North Abington. It was deeded to the [[Old Colony Railroad]] system in 1887. Anchors for the ship the [[USS Constitution]], were made in Hanover at the Nathaniel Cushing Anchor forge that was located at Luddam's Ford during the 1700s. Hanover also had an airport called [[Clark Airport (Massachusetts)|Clark Airport]], that was operational from 1927 to 1958. It was located in [[West Hanover, Massachusetts|West Hanover]]. During WWI and WWII the [[Pilgrim Ordnance Works]] in West Hanover made [[munitions]] for the war effort.

The [[Stetson House]] is also located in Hanover Center. Hanover Center is listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as [[Hanover Center Historic District]]. The Four Corners area is where William Barstow's Two Oaks shipyard was. In the Southwest corner of the town, there was an anchor forge on Forge Pond, the rest of the area evolved into an industrial park that produced fireworks and ammunition that was controlled by the [[Pilgrim Ordnance Works]]. The Northeast served as a business sector for the town with much of [[Massachusetts Route 53|Route 53]] being enclosed with many shops, stores, restaurants, grocery stores, and outlets. The [[Cardinal Cushing Centers]] is also in the National Register of Historic Places, which is located at Hanover Four Corners. [[Richard Cushing]] is buried at the Portiuncula Chapel there, as Cardinal Cushing was the presiding minister during the funeral and burial of President [[John F. Kennedy]]. One of the oldest Boy Scouts troops in the United States was founded and is still active today in Hanover, Troop 1.

Hanover had several smaller shipyards during its development, however, the more prominent ones such as Barstow's Two Oaks shipyard and Lower Yards were better documented. Others such as Clarks Yard, Kingman Yard, and Wing Yard, and a shipyard that was owned by the family of [[Thatcher Magoun]], also helped Hanover during its early development. The ships would sail down the [[North River (Massachusetts Bay)|North River]] and would bring pork, fish, beef, and oil, and would return with spices, rum, and sugar. At the height of the shipbuilding boom of 1812, it has been said that every Saturday night one would see at most 400 workers at the shipyards. Today, Hanover's shipyards are marked in the Four Corners area of the town, making it a point of interest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Lloyd Vernon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgsWDUXvU2QC |title=History of Shipbuilding on North River, Plymouth County, Massachusetts: With Genealogies of the Shipbuilders, and Accounts of the Industries Upon Its Tributaries. 1640 to 1872 |date=1889 |publisher=Coburn brothers, printers |language=en}}</ref>