Editing Hamilton, South Lanarkshire (section)

==History==
The town of Hamilton was originally known as '''Cadzow''' or '''Cadyou'''<ref>George Chalmers, ''Caledonia, Or, A Historical and Topographical Account of North Britain from the Most Ancient to the Present Times: With a Dictionary of Places, Chorographical and Philological'', Vol. 6 (A. Gardner, 1890), p. 683.</ref><ref name=slc>[https://www.southlanarkshire.gov.uk/info/200165/local_and_family_history/614/hamiltons_royal_past Hamilton's royal past], [[South Lanarkshire Council]]</ref> ([[Middle Scots]]: {{lang|sco|Cadȝow}}), the "{{lang|ang|ȝ}}" being the letter [[yogh]]), pronounced /kadju/. It is an ancient settlement, possibly dating back to the days of [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|Strathclyde]], or perhaps earlier. The Roman fort of [[Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort|Bothwellhaugh]] lies nearby. A lost medieval settlement was excavated in the 2010s near the Clyde, only around 1 mile from the current town. It is known that kings of Strathclyde did have a hunting lodge near Cadzow, and the area may have been a [[Palace|royal centre]] during the later stages of the kingdom, as a precursor to [[Cadzow Castle]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=SM90342|desc=Cadzow Castle|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>

During the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]] the Hamilton family initially supported the English and [[Walter fitz Gilbert of Cadzow|Walter fitz Gilbert]] (the head of the Hamilton family) was governor of [[Bothwell Castle]] on behalf of the English. However, he later changed loyalty to [[Robert the Bruce]], following the [[Battle of Bannockburn]], and ceded Bothwell to him. For this act, he was rewarded with a portion of land which had been forfeited by the Comyns at [[Dalserf]] and later the Barony and lands of Cadzow, which in time would become the town of Hamilton.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=James Balfour Paul|last=Balfour Paul|first=Sir James|title=The Scots Peerage|volume=IV|location=Edinburgh |year=1907 |url=https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun04pauluoft|page=341}}</ref>

Cadzow was renamed Hamilton in the time of [[James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton|James, Lord Hamilton]],<ref name=slc/> who was married to [[Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran|Princess Mary]], the daughter of [[James II of Scotland|King James II]]. The [[Clan Hamilton|Hamilton family]] themselves most likely took their name from the lands of Humbleton or Homildon in [[Northumberland]], or perhaps from a place near [[Leicester]].<ref>Sir James Balfour Paul, ''[[The Scots Peerage]]'', Vol. 4 (D. Douglas, 1909), pp. 339–340</ref>

[[File:Hamilton_Library_2002.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hamilton Townhouse]] and library]]
The Hamiltons constructed many landmark buildings in the area including the [[Hamilton Mausoleum]] in [[Strathclyde Park]], which has one of the longest reverb times of any manmade building at 15 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-25757937.amp|title=New echo record set in Scotland|date=16 January 2014}}</ref> The Hamilton family are major land-owners in the area to this day. [[Hamilton Palace]] was the seat of the Dukes of Hamilton until the early-twentieth century.<ref name=slc/>

Other historic buildings in the area include [[Hamilton Old Parish Church]], a Georgian era building completed in 1734 and the only church to have been built by [[William Adam (architect)|William Adam]].<ref name=slc/> The graveyard of the old parish church contains some Covenanter remains. [[Hamilton Townhouse]], which now houses a library and concert hall, underwent a sympathetic modernization in 2002 and opened to the public in summer 2004.<ref>[https://www.rias.org.uk/for-the-public/practices/coltart-earley-architecture-glasgow/hamilton-town-house-complex-Hamilton Hamilton Town House Complex], [[Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland]]</ref> The ruins of [[Cadzow Castle]] also lie in [[Chatelherault Country Park]], {{convert|2|mi|0}} from the town centre.<ref name=slc/>

[[Hamilton Palace]] was the largest non-royal residence in the Western world, located in the north-east of the town. A former seat of the [[Duke of Hamilton|Dukes of Hamilton]], it was built in 1695, subsequently much enlarged, and demolished in 1921 due to ground subsidence. It is widely acknowledged as having been one of the grandest houses in Scotland, was visited and admired by [[Queen Victoria]], and was written about by [[Daniel Defoe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sites.scran.ac.uk/vhp/treasures.html|title=Hamilton Palace|publisher=Scran|access-date=16 October 2022}}</ref>

[[Hamilton Barracks]] was formerly the Depot of the [[Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)]] and the home of the 1st Battalion of the Regiment.  The Regimental Museum is part of the [[Hamilton Low Parks Museum|Low Parks Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hamiltonadvertiser.co.uk/news/2007/11/01/museum-celebrate-40th-anniversary-50144-20046870/ |title=Museum celebrate 40th anniversary |work=Hamilton Advertiser |date=1 November 2007}}</ref>

The Low Parks Museum is housed in what was a 16th-century inn and a staging post for journeys between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Recently refurbished, it is the oldest building in Hamilton and is to the north of the Palace Grounds.<ref name=listed>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB34521|desc=129 Muir Street, Low Parks Museum, incorporating former Crawford House with assembly room and former Hamilton Palace Riding School...|cat=A|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref>

Renowned explorer and missionary [[David Livingstone]]'s house still stands at 17 Burnbank Road and has a plaque about him.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|desc= 17 Burnbank Road, Ulva Cottage|num=LB34548| access-date=16 October 2022}}</ref>