Editing Hall effect (section)

==Discovery==
{{See also|History of electromagnetic theory}}
Wires carrying current in a magnetic field experience a [[mechanical force]] perpendicular to both the current and magnetic field. 

In the 1820s, [[André-Marie Ampère]] observed this underlying mechanism that led to the discovery of the Hall effect.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Ramsden |first=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8VAjMitH1QC |title=Hall-Effect Sensors: Theory and Application |date=2011-04-01 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-052374-3 |page=2 |language=en}}</ref> However it was not until a solid mathematical basis for [[electromagnetism]] was systematized by [[James Clerk Maxwell]]'s "[[On Physical Lines of Force]]" (published in 1861–1862) that details of the interaction between magnets and electric current could be understood.

[[Edwin Hall]] then explored the question of whether magnetic fields interacted with the conductors ''or'' the electric current, and reasoned that if the force was specifically acting on the current, it should crowd current to one side of the wire, producing a small measurable voltage.<ref name=":1" /> In 1879, he discovered this ''Hall effect'' while he was working on his doctoral degree at [[Johns Hopkins University]] in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]].<ref name="bridgeman-momoir">{{cite book|last=Bridgeman|first=P. W.|title=Biographical Memoir of Edwin Herbert Hall|year=1939|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:qWPFjF1DGJcJ:books.nap.edu/html/biomems/ehall.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiwi2QsmBBlJQ-CGCqOI-5jo7JVHR8KlVBUlYQg7o3jZTM3Hf2pSa3VeYGFgqCsepNg2dtCFeumBvFAX35h7vFrDq29vFqmPQsXXinsEp4aY1iC4-Tyws_IxDAUX0Gacg8xWCGQ&sig=AHIEtbSYLSS-LvLf1yfIKBflgxKm-7Qwdw}}</ref> Eighteen years before the [[electron]] was discovered, his measurements of the tiny effect produced in the apparatus he used were an experimental [[wikt:tour de force|tour de force]], published under the name "On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents".<ref>{{cite journal | last=Hall | first=E. H. | title=On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents | journal=American Journal of Mathematics | publisher=JSTOR | volume=2 | issue=3 | year=1879 | pages=287–292 | issn=0002-9327 | doi=10.2307/2369245 | jstor=2369245 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Hall Effect History|url = http://phareselectronics.com/products/hall-effect-sensors/hall-effect-history/|access-date = 2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529002229/http://phareselectronics.com/products/hall-effect-sensors/hall-effect-history|archive-date=29 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Hall-Effect Sensors|last = Ramsden|first = Edward|publisher = Elsevier Inc.|year = 2006|isbn = 978-0-7506-7934-3|pages = xi}}</ref>