Editing Haast's eagle (section)

==Taxonomy==
Haast's eagle was first scientifically described by [[Julius von Haast]] in 1871 from remains discovered by the [[Canterbury Museum, Christchurch|Canterbury Museum]] taxidermist, Frederick Richardson Fuller,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Extinct Birds Series; Part Two; Haast's Eagle |date=9 December 2008 |work=[[The Press]] |publication-place=Christchurch, New Zealand |issn=0113-9762}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Pouākai – The world's largest eagle |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/stories/2018806223/pouakai-the-world-s-largest-eagle |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=[[Radio New Zealand]] |language=en-nz |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213031520/https://www.rnz.co.nz/stories/2018806223/pouakai-the-world-s-largest-eagle |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Holdaway |first=Richard |title=Terror Of The Forest |journal=Notornis |date=October–December 1989 |issue=4 |publisher=[[New Zealand Geographic]] |url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/terror-of-the-forest/ |access-date=23 August 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925033638/https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/terror-of-the-forest/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in a former marsh.<ref name="Tudge2009">{{cite book |last=Tudge |first=Colin |title=The Secret Life of Birds: Who they are and what they do |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=svGx1UuNEB0C&pg=PT117 |date=6 August 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-196210-8 |page=117 |access-date=24 October 2016 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060916/https://books.google.com/books?id=svGx1UuNEB0C&pg=PT117 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haast named the eagle ''Harpagornis moorei'' after [[George Henry Moore (runholder) |George Henry Moore]], the owner of the Glenmark Estate, where the bones of the bird were found.<ref name="Institute1872">{{cite journal |last=Haast |first=Julius |author-link=Julius Haast |journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Po42AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA193 |volume=4 |year=1872 |pages=193–196 |title=Notes on Harpagornis Moorei, an Extinct Gigantic Bird of Prey, containing Discussion of Femur, Ungual Phalanges and Rib |access-date=24 October 2016 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060915/https://books.google.com/books?id=Po42AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA193 |url-status=live }}</ref> The genus name was from the Greek ''[[harpax]]'', meaning "grappling hook", and ''ornis'', meaning "bird".<ref name="NZGeo">{{cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=Kate |title=Return of the Lost Birds |journal=[[New Zealand Geographic]] |url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/return-of-the-lost-birds/ |date=November 2018 |issue=154 |page=30 |language=En |issn=0113-9967 |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927082705/https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/return-of-the-lost-birds/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Genetic fingerprinting|DNA analysis]] later showed that this bird is related most closely to the much smaller [[little eagle]] (''Hieraaetus morphnoides'') as well as the [[booted eagle]] (''Hieraaetus pennatus'') and not, as previously thought, to the large [[wedge-tailed eagle]] (''Aquila audax'').<ref>{{Cite news |title=Extinct Haast's eagle might have been more like a Haast's vulture, study finds |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/127150610/extinct-haasts-eagle-might-have-been-more-like-a-haasts-vulture-study-finds |last=Allot |first=Amber |date=1 December 2021 |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |archive-date=22 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322092243/https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/127150610/extinct-haasts-eagle-might-have-been-more-like-a-haasts-vulture-study-finds |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bunce">{{cite journal |last1=Bunce |first1=M. |last2=Szulkin |first2=Marta |last3=Lerner |first3=Heather R. L. |last4=Barnes |first4=Ian |last5=Shapiro |first5=Beth |last6=Cooper |first6=Alan |last7=Holdaway |first7=Richard N. |year=2005 |title=Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle |journal=[[PLOS Biology]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030009 |pages=e9 |pmid=15660162 |pmc=539324 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ''Harpagornis moorei'' was therefore reclassified as ''Hieraaetus moorei''.<ref name=NZGeo/>

''H. moorei'' is estimated to have diverged from these smaller eagles as recently as 1.8&nbsp;million to 700,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Observatory: [Science Desk] |last=Fountain |first=Henry |date=4 January 2005 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> If this estimate is correct, its increase in weight by ten to fifteen times is an exceptionally rapid weight increase.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Haast's eagle only became giant in the move to New Zealand, DNA tests show |last=Bunce |first=Michael |date=13 January 2005 |work=[[National Post]] |publication-place=Canada, [[Don Mills]] |issn=1486-8008}}</ref> The suggested increase in the average weight of Haast's eagle over that period would therefore represent the largest, fastest evolutionary increase in average weight of any known [[vertebrate]] species.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world's largest eagle |journal=[[PLOS One]] |last1=Miranda |first1=Everton B P |issue=5 |last2=Menezes |first2=Jorge F S |year=2019 |publication-place=San Francisco, United States |eissn=1932-6203 |last3=Farias |first3=Camila C L |last4=Munn |first4=Charles|volume=14 |pages=e0216323 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0216323 |doi-access=free |pmid=31083656 |pmc=6513255 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1416323M }}</ref> This was made possible in part by the presence of large prey and the absence of competition from other large predators, an example of [[ecological release]] and [[island gigantism]].<ref name="PLOSBiology">{{cite journal |title=Ancient DNA Tells Story of Giant Eagle Evolution |journal= PLOS Biology |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages= e20 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030020 |date=4 January 2005 |pmc=539337 |doi-access= free}}</ref> A recent [[mitochondrial DNA]] study found it to be more closely related to the little eagle than the booted eagle, with an estimated divergence from the little eagle around 2.2&nbsp;million years ago.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=How a Giant Eagle Once Came to Dominate New Zealand |date=12 September 2022 |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian ]] |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-a-giant-eagle-once-came-to-dominate-new-zealand-180980726/ |last=Upholt |first=Boyce |access-date=22 March 2024 |archive-date=22 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322092243/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-a-giant-eagle-once-came-to-dominate-new-zealand-180980726/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Knapp |first1=Michael |last2=Thomas |first2=Jessica E. |last3=Haile |first3=James |last4=Prost |first4=Stefan |last5=Ho |first5=Simon Y.W. |last6=Dussex |first6=Nicolas |last7=Cameron-Christie |first7=Sophia |last8=Kardailsky |first8=Olga |last9=Barnett |first9=Ross |last10=Bunce |first10=Michael |last11=Gilbert |first11=M. Thomas P. |date=May 2019 |title=Mitogenomic evidence of close relationships between New Zealand's extinct giant raptors and small-sized Australian sister-taxa |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=134 |pages=122–128 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.026 |pmid=30753886 |bibcode=2019MolPE.134..122K |s2cid=73420145}}</ref> It was placed in the genus ''[[Aquila (bird)|Aquila]]'' by recent taxonomists.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maori legend of man-eating bird is true |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/maori-legend-of-man-eating-bird-is-true/QRUOJKCF524QMJKX5P7SMTGO2Y/ |last=Rodgers |first=Paul |date=14 September 2009 |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510015905/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/maori-legend-of-man-eating-bird-is-true/QRUOJKCF524QMJKX5P7SMTGO2Y/ |url-status=live }}</ref>