Editing Haaretz (section)

==History and ownership==
''Haaretz'' was first published in 1918 as a newspaper sponsored by the British military government in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/bronfman/kesher29.heb.html#haaretz |title=TAU – Institute of Jewish Press and Communications – The Andrea and Charles Bronfman Center |publisher=[[Tel Aviv University]] |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925002822/http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/bronfman/kesher29.heb.html |archive-date=25 September 2012 }}</ref> In 1919, it was taken over by a group of [[Labor Zionism|socialist-oriented Zionists]], mainly from [[Russia]].<ref name=fas>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israelmedia.pdf |title=Israel — Hebrew- and English-Language Media Guide |publisher=[[Open Source Center]] |date=16 September 2008 |access-date=13 February 2014 |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508142637/https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israelmedia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="A fine and fragile balance">{{cite news |last=Marmari |first=Hanoch |date=16 April 2004 |title=A fine and fragile balance |work=Haaretz |url=http://www.haaretz.com/a-fine-and-fragile-balance-1.119759 |url-status=live |access-date=10 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103003728/http://www.haaretz.com/a-fine-and-fragile-balance-1.119759 |archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> The newspaper was established on 18 June 1919 by a group of businessmen including the philanthropist [[Isaac Leib Goldberg]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yivo Institute for Jewish Research |author-link=YIVO |title=Goldberg, Isaac Leib (1860-1935) Papers |url=http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=17441 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112201732/http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=17441 |archive-date=12 January 2015 |access-date=21 February 2024 |website=YIVO digital archive on Jewish Life in Poland}}</ref> initially called ''Hadashot Ha'aretz'' ("News of the Land"). Later, the name was shortened to ''Haaretz''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Yoel |title=Haaretz |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/haaretz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616190929/https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/haaretz |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=21 February 2024 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |postscript=. From [[Encyclopaedia Judaica]] 2nd ed.}}</ref> The literary section of the paper attracted leading Hebrew writers of the time.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Judaica |title=Newspapers, Hebrew |volume=12 |publisher=Keter Books |location=Jerusalem |year=1978}}</ref>

The newspaper was initially published in [[Jerusalem]]. From 1919 to 1922, the paper was headed by a succession of editors, among them [[Leib Yaffe]]. It was closed briefly due to a budgetary shortfall and reopened in Tel Aviv at the beginning of 1923 under the editorship of Moshe Glickson, who held the post for 15 years.<ref name="A fine and fragile balance"/> The Tel Aviv municipality granted the paper financial support by paying in advance for future advertisements.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/haaretz-history-1.265016 |title=Haaretz history |author=Tom Segev |author-link=Tom Segev |newspaper=Haaretz |date=18 March 2010 |access-date=5 October 2014 |archive-date=7 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007075704/http://www.haaretz.com/haaretz-history-1.265016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, ''Haaretz''{{'}}s liberal viewpoint was to some degree associated with the [[General Zionist]] "A" faction,<ref name=Edelheit>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8PADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA473|title=History Of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary|author=Hershel Edelheit & Abraham J. Edelheit|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2000|page=473|isbn=9780429701030|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124131842/https://books.google.com/books?id=s8PADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA473#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> which later helped form the [[Progressive Party (Israel)|Progressive Party]],<ref>{{cite book|title=The In/outsiders: The Media in Israel|author=Dan Caspi & Yehiel Limor|publisher=Hampton Press|year=1999|page=79|quote=Haaretz was closely aligned with the General Zionists A faction (which became the Progressive Party in 1948), a liberal stream in the Zionist Movement. The newspaper consistently maintained a liberal-centrist and anti-socialist orientation in social and economic affairs and generally adopted a dovish and firm anti-nationalistic line in political and security matters.}}</ref> though it was nonpartisan and careful not to espouse any specific party line.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuPGsI6JR2UC&pg=PA75|title=Telepopulism: Media and Politics in Israel|last=Peri|first=Yoram|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2004|page=75|isbn=9780804750028|quote=Similarly, Haaretz, although independent, had a distinctly liberal (though nonpartisan) character. It is not surprising that its editor, Gershom Schocken, was a representative of the Progressive Party in the third Knesset in the years 1955–59.|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124131843/https://books.google.com/books?id=PuPGsI6JR2UC&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Palestine Affairs|volume=2|publisher=American Zionist Emergency Council|year=1947|quote=''Haaretz'' has always been the mouthpiece of the liberal wing of the General Zionists, and through the years it has gained a reputation for independence and high literary standards.}}</ref> It was considered the most sophisticated of the [[Yishuv]]'s dailies.<ref name=Edelheit/>

[[Salman Schocken]], a Jewish businessman who left Germany in 1934 after the [[Nazis]] had come to power, bought the paper in December 1935. Schocken was active in [[Brit Shalom (political organization)|Brit Shalom]], also known as the Jewish–Palestinian Peace Alliance, a body supporting co-existence between Jews and Arabs which was sympathetic to a homeland for both peoples. His son, [[Gershom Schocken]], became the chief editor in 1939 and held that position until his death in 1990.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/a-newspaper-s-mission-1.314618 |title=A newspaper's mission |author=Amos Schocken |newspaper=Haaretz |date=18 September 2002 |access-date=5 October 2014 |archive-date=7 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007151408/http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/a-newspaper-s-mission-1.314618 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Schocken family were the sole owners of the Haaretz Group until August 2006, when they sold a 25% stake to German publisher [[M. DuMont Schauberg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumont.eu/dumont/dir/?101798 |title=M. DuMont Schauberg. Press-release |publisher=Dumont.eu |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226155151/http://www.dumont.eu/dumont/dir/?101798 |archive-date=26 February 2012 }}</ref> The deal was negotiated with the help of the former Israeli ambassador to Germany, [[Avi Primor]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Koren |first=Ronny |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/germany-s-dumont-invests-25m-euros-in-haaretz-group-1.195055 |title=Germany's DuMont invests 25m euros in Haaretz |work=Haaretz |date=13 August 2006 |access-date=5 October 2014 |archive-date=7 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007085806/http://www.haaretz.com/news/germany-s-dumont-invests-25m-euros-in-haaretz-group-1.195055 |url-status=live }}</ref> This deal was seen as controversial in Israel as DuMont Schauberg's father, [[Kurt Neven DuMont]], was member of the [[Nazi Party]] and his publishing house promoted Nazi ideology.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3292189,00.html |title=Haaretz's 'Nazi problem' |publisher=[[Ynetnews]] |date=16 August 2006 |access-date=10 February 2013 |archive-date=6 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206033947/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3292189,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 12 June 2011, it was announced that Russian-Israeli businessman [[Leonid Nevzlin]] had purchased a 20% stake in the Haaretz Group, buying 15% from the family and 5% from M.&nbsp;DuMont Schauberg.<ref>{{cite news |author=Li-or Averbach |url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000653184 |title=Russian immigrant billionaire buys 20% of "Haaretz" |newspaper=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]] |date=12 June 2011 |access-date=5 October 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072723/http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000653184 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2019, members of the Schocken family bought all of the Haaretz stock belonging to M.&nbsp;DuMont Schauberg.<ref name=HaaretzOwn/> The deal saw the Schocken family reach 75% ownership, with the remaining 25% owned by Leonid Nevzlin.<ref name=HaaretzOwn/>

In October 2012, a union strike mobilized to protest planned layoffs by the ''Haaretz'' management, causing a one-day interruption of ''Haaretz'' and its ''TheMarker'' business supplement. According to [[Israel Radio]], it was the first time since 1965 that a newspaper did not go to press on account of a strike.<ref>{{cite news|last=Koopmans |first=Ofira |title=Journalists at Israel's Haaretz newspaper strike over job cuts |url=http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/journalists-at-israels-haaretz-newspaper-strike-over-job-cuts_241385.html |publisher=Europe Online |date=4 October 2012 |access-date=12 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527082723/http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/journalists-at-israels-haaretz-newspaper-strike-over-job-cuts_241385.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Haaretz' daily not printed today |url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000787939 |newspaper=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]] |date=4 October 2012 |access-date=5 October 2014 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145312/http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-1000787939 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 24 November 2024, the Israeli government ordered a boycott of ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lis |first=Jonathan |date=2024-11-24 |title=Israeli Government Imposes Sanctions on Haaretz, Cuts All Ties and Pulls Advertising |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-11-24/ty-article/.premium/israeli-govt-to-cut-ties-with-haaretz-over-publishers-remarks-on-freedom-fighters/00000193-5e5c-d68e-a1db-fe5c54cf0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241125002714/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-11-24/ty-article/.premium/israeli-govt-to-cut-ties-with-haaretz-over-publishers-remarks-on-freedom-fighters/00000193-5e5c-d68e-a1db-fe5c54cf0000 |archive-date=25 November 2024 |access-date=24 November 2024 |website=Haaretz}}</ref> According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' "had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the [[Israel Defense Forces|armed forces]], and has long been in the crosshairs of the [[Thirty-seventh government of Israel|current government]]."<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Jason |date=2024-11-24 |title=Israeli government orders officials to boycott left-leaning paper Haaretz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/24/israeli-government-orders-officials-to-boycott-left-leaning-paper-haaretz |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>