Editing Gulf War (section)

==Names==
The war is also known under other names, such as the '''Second Gulf War''' (not to be confused with the 2003 [[Iraq War]], also referred to as such<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research: Second Gulf War |url=https://veteranmuseum.net/research-second-gulf-war/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Veterans Museum at Balboa Park |language=en-US}}</ref>), '''Persian Gulf War''', '''Kuwait War''', or '''Iraq War'''<ref name=FrontlineCron>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/cron/ |title=Frontline Chronology |access-date=20 March 2007|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=CNN |date=16 January 2001 |title=Tenth anniversary of the Gulf War: A look back |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/01/16/gulf.anniversary/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022115600/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/01/16/gulf.anniversary/index.html |archive-date=2007-10-22 |access-date=6 June 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |author=Kenneth Estes |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/13865/isn.html |title=ISN: The Second Gulf War (1990–1991){{snd}}Council on Foreign Relations |publisher=Cfr.org |access-date=18 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102171502/http://www.cfr.org/publication/13865/isn.html |archive-date=2 January 2011 }}</ref><ref group=lower-alpha name=numbering/> before the term "Iraq War" became identified with the 2003 Iraq War (also known in the US as "[[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]").<ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34387.pdf Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205184417/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34387.pdf |date=5 December 2017 }}. (PDF). Retrieved on 2014-05-24.</ref> The war was named {{Transliteration|ar|Umm al-Ma'arik}} ("mother of all battles") by Iraqi officials.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 November 1991 |title=A 1991 Dossier on the Role of the Iraqi Air Force in the Gulf War |url=https://conflictrecords.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/sh-aadf-d-000-396_tf.pdf |id=SH-AADF-D-000-396}}</ref> After the [[US invasion of Iraq]] in 2003, the Gulf War of 1990–1991 is often known as the "'''First Iraq War'''".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stoker |first=Donald |title=Purpose and Power |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2024 |isbn=978-1-009-25727-5 |location=Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8EA, UK |pages=537–559 |chapter=16: The Gulf War, or First Iraq War, 1990-1991 |lccn=2022040999}}</ref>

The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself:
''Gulf War'' and ''Persian Gulf War'' are the most common terms for the conflict used within [[Western world|western countries]], though it may also be called the ''First Gulf War'' (to distinguish it from the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] and the subsequent Iraq War). Some authors have called it the ''Second Gulf War'' to distinguish it from the [[Iran–Iraq War]].<ref>''Iraq and the Second Gulf War: State Building and Regime Security'', Mohammad-Mahmoud Mohamedou, 1997</ref> ''[[Liberation of Kuwait campaign|Liberation of Kuwait]]'' ({{langx|ar|تحرير الكويت}}) (''taḥrīr al-kuwayt'') is the term used by Kuwait and most of the coalition's Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Terms in other languages include {{langx|fr|la Guerre du Golfe}} and {{lang|fr|Guerre du Koweït}} (''War of Kuwait''); {{langx|de|Golfkrieg}} (''Gulf War'') and {{lang|de|Zweiter Golfkrieg}} (''Second Gulf War'').{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}

===Operational names===
Most of the coalition states used various names for their operations and the war's operational phases. These are sometimes incorrectly used as the conflict's overall name, especially the US ''Desert Storm'':
* ''Operation Desert Shield'' was the US operational name for the US buildup of forces and Saudi Arabia's defense from 2 August 1990 to 16 January 1991{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* ''Operation Desert Storm'' was the US name of the [[AirLand Battle|airland conflict]] from 17 January 1991 through 28 February 1991<ref>{{cite web|title=Operation DESERT STORM|website=U.S. Army Center of Military History|url=https://www.history.army.mil/html/bookshelves/resmat/desert-storm/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113180117/https://history.army.mil/html/bookshelves/resmat/desert-storm/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2021|access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref>
** ''Operation Desert Sabre'' (early name ''Operation Desert Sword'') was the US name for the air and land offensive against the Iraqi Army in the Kuwaiti Theater of Operations (the "100-hour war") from 24 to 28 February 1991, in itself, part of ''Operation Desert Storm''{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* [[Operation Desert Farewell]] was the name given to the return of US units and equipment to the US in 1991 after Kuwait's liberation, sometimes referred to as ''Operation Desert Calm''
* [[Operativo Alfil]] was the Argentine name for Argentine military activities
* [[Opération Daguet]] was the French name for French military activities in the conflict
* [[Operation Friction]] was the name of the Canadian operations<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defence |first=National |date=2018-12-11 |title=Gulf War – FRICTION |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/past-operations/middle-east/friction.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref>
* [[Operation Granby]] was the British name for British military activities during the operations and conflict<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulf War – Op Granby {{!}} Royal Signals Museum |url=https://www.royalsignalsmuseum.co.uk/gulf-war-op-granby/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Operazione Locusta]] (Italian for [[Locust]]) was the Italian name for the operations and conflict

===Campaign names===
The US divided the conflict into three major campaigns:
* ''Defense of Saudi Arabian country'' for the period 2 August 1990, through 16 January 1991{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* ''Liberation and Defense of Kuwait'' for the period 17 January 1991, through 11 April 1991{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
* ''Southwest Asia Cease-Fire'' for the period 12 April 1991, through 30 November 1995, including [[Operation Provide Comfort]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}