Editing Guinevere (section)

==Name==
[[File:Guinevereford.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Guinevere'' by [[Henry Justice Ford]] (c. 1910)|alt=]]

The original [[Welsh language|Welsh]] form of the name is {{lang|cy|Gwenhwyfar}} (also ''Guenhuibhar'', ''Gwenhwyvar''), which seems to be cognate with the Irish name {{lang|ga|[[Findabar]]}} (the name of the daughter of Queen [[Medb]] and [[Ailill mac Máta]] in the [[Ulster Cycle]]); Gwenhwyfar can be translated as "The White Fay/Ghost", from [[Proto-Celtic language|Proto-Celtic]] ''*Windo-'' "white" + ''*sēbro'' "phantom" (cognate with [[Old Irish]] ''síabar'' "a spectre, phantom, supernatural being [usually in pejorative sense]").<ref>{{cite book | last=Schrijver | first=Peter | title=Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology | year=1995 | publisher=Rodopi | isbn=978-9051838206 | pages=249–250 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_RMQkk3OSIC&pg=PA249}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Hamp, Eric P. | title=Varia: 1. 1 sál m. '(eau de) mer'; 2. 1 sed 'cerf'; 3. slabar; 4. slice 'coquille'; 5. ta- 'obtenir, trouver, pouvoir (féad-<ét-)'; 6. 1 tadg 'poète', 1 tál 'asciam'; 7. Irish tarr, torrach; 8. tinaid; 9. tindabrad, Findabair; 10. 1 úall, úabar, úais; 11. *uern~? | journal=Études Celtiques | volume=32 | year=1996 | pages=87–90| doi=10.3406/ecelt.1996.2087 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Koch | first=John T. | title=Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia | year=2006 | publisher=Abc-clio | isbn=978-1851094400| page=861}}</ref><ref>''Dictionary of the Irish Language'' (ed. E G Quin et al., Royal Irish Academy, Dublin 1913–76; Letter S, Column 205, electronic version at http://www.DIL.ie).</ref> Some have suggested that the name may derive from ''{{lang|cy|Gwenhwy-fawr}}'', or "Gwenhwy the Great", as a contrast to ''{{lang|cy|Gwenhwy-fach}}'', or "Gwenhwy the Little/Lesser". [[Gwenhwyfach]] (also spelled ''Gwenhwyach'') appears in [[Welsh literature]] as a sister of Gwenhwyfar, but Welsh scholars Melville Richards and [[Rachel Bromwich]] both dismiss this etymology (with Richards suggesting that Gwenhwyfach was a back-formation derived from an incorrect interpretation of ''Gwenwhy-far'' as ''Gwenhwy-fawr'').<ref>Richards, Melville, "Arthurian Onomastics", in: ''Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion'', vol. 2, 1969, p. 257.</ref> A cognate name in [[Modern English]] is [[Jennifer (given name)|Jennifer]], from [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Cleveland Evans: Jennifer went from 'strange' to popular | work=Omaha | url=http://www.omaha.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20111101/LIVING/711019971/1020867 | access-date=17 September 2015 | archive-date=8 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030103/http://www.omaha.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20111101%2FLIVING%2F711019971%2F1020867 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The name is given as '''''Guennuuar''''' (''Guennuvar'') in an early Latin text ''Vita Gildae''. [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]] rendered it in a Latinized form as '''{{lang|la|Guenhuuara}}''' (''Guenhuvara'' – but some manuscripts and thus modern editions also spell it with an M as in '''{{lang|la|Guenhumara}}'''  or ''Ganhumara'', possibly stemming from scribal error confusing "uu/uv" for "um") in his ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'', further turned into '''''Wenhauer''''' (''Wenhaiuer'') by [[Layamon]] ('''''Gwenayfer''''' in one manuscript) and into both '''''Genoivre''''' and '''''Gahunmare''''' in [[Wace]]'s ''[[Roman de Brut]]''. Chronicler [[Gerald of Wales]] refers to her as '''{{lang|cy|Wenneuereia}}''' (''Wenneveria'') and the popular romancer [[Chrétien de Troyes]] calls her '''''Guenievre''''' (''Guenièvre''). The latter form was retained by the authors of Chrétien-influenced French prose cycles, who would use also its variants such as '''''Genievre''''' (''Genièvre'') or '''''Gueneure'''''. Her many other various names appearing through the different periods and regions of medieval Europe include both '''''Gaynour''''' and '''''Waynour''''' (''Waynor[e]'') in the English poems [[Alliterative Morte Arthure|Alliterative ''Morte Arthure'']] and ''[[The Awntyrs off Arthure]]'', '''''Genure''''' (''Gaynor'') in the [[Stanzaic Morte Arthur|Stanzaic ''Morte Arthur'']], '''''Guenloie''''' in the ''[[Romanz du reis Yder]]'', '''''Guenore''''' in ''[[Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt]]'', '''''Gwenvere''''' (''Guennevere'', ''Guenera'', ''Gwenner'') in the ''[[Polychronicon]]'', and '''''Gwendoloena''''' ([[Gwendolen]]) in ''[[De Ortu Waluuanii]]''. Her name is invariably '''''Ginover''''' (''Ginovere'') in the [[Middle High German|Middle German]] romances by [[Hartmann von Aue]] and [[Ulrich von Zatzikhoven]] but was written '''''Jenover''''' by [[Der Pleier]], and the audience of Italian romances got to know her as '''''[[Ginevra (given name)|Ginevra]]''''' (''Zenevra'', ''Zenibra''). In the 15th-century Britain, she was called '''''Gwynnever''''' in the [[Middle Cornish]] play ''[[Bewnans Ke]]'', while the [[Middle English]] author [[Thomas Malory]] originally wrote her name as '''''Gwenever''''' or '''''Gwenivere''''' (''Guenever'', ''Guenivere'') in his seminal compilation ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.clas.ufl.edu/jshoaf/ArthGuinevere.html|title = Judy Shoaf &#124; College of Liberal Arts and Sciences}}</ref> Some assorted other forms of her name in the Middle Ages and Renaissance literature of various countries and languages have included '''''Ganor''''', '''''Ganora''''', '''''Gainor''''', '''''Gainovere''''', '''''Geneura''''', '''''Guanora''''', '''''Gueneour''''', '''''Guenevera''''', '''''Gwenore''''', '''''Gwinore''''', '''''Ntzenebra''''', '''''Vanour''''', '''''Vanore''''' (''Wanore'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mI7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364|title=The Reader's Handbook of Allusions, References, Plots and Stories, with Three Appendices|first=Ebenezer Cobham|last=Brewer|date=21 March 1890|publisher=Chatto and Windus|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZFbczeMtYcC&pg=PA243|title=The Arthurian Name Dictionary|first=Christopher W.|last=Bruce|date=21 March 1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780815328650 |via=Google Books}}</ref> {{clear left}}