Editing Grylloblattidae (section)

==Overview==
Grylloblattids, ice crawlers or icebugs puzzled the scientists who discovered them in 1914, [[E.M. Walker]] and T.B. Kurata; the first species named was ''[[Grylloblatta campodeiformis]]'', which means "[[cricket (insect)|cricket]]-[[cockroach]] shaped like a ''[[Campodea]]''" (a kind of two-pronged bristletail). Most are nocturnal and appear to feed on [[detritus]]. They have long [[Antenna (biology)|antennae]] (23–45 segments) and long [[cercus|cerci]] (5–8 segments), but no wings. Their eyes are either missing or reduced and they have no [[ocelli]] (simple eyes).<ref name="Imms">{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=O. W. |last2=Davies |first2=R. G. |title=Imms' General Textbook of Entomology |chapter=Grylloblattodea |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]] |date=1977 |page=533 |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-6516-7_9 |isbn=978-0-412-15230-6 }}</ref> Their closest living relatives are the recently discovered [[Mantophasmatodea]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Stephen L. Cameron, Stephen C. Barker & Michael F. Whiting |date=2006 |title=Mitochondrial genomics and the new insect order Mantophasmatodea |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=38 |pages=274–279 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.020 |pmid=16321547 |issue=1}}</ref> Most species are less than 3&nbsp;cm long, the largest being ''Namkungia magnus''.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.5281/zenodo.174644|year=2006|last1=Kim|first1=Byung-Woo|last2=Lee|first2=Woncheol|title=Redescription of the Largest Ice Bug, Namkungia Magnus Com. Nov. (Grylloblattodea, Grylloblattidae) from Korea|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1359|pages=57–66}}</ref>

The family has its own [[order (biology)|order]], Grylloblattodea (sometimes considered a suborder of Notoptera<ref name=a />). It contains 5 genera and about 34 extant species.<ref name="number">{{cite book|author=Terry L. Erwin |date=1997 |chapter=Biodiversity at its utmost: tropical forest beetles |pages=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityiiun00reak/page/27 27–40] |editor=Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla, Don E. Wilson & [[Edward O. Wilson]] |title=Biodiversity II |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityiiun00reak |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Joseph Henry Press]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-309-05584-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author=Zhang, Z.-Q.| title=Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848 In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| date=2011| pages=99–103| url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p103.pdf| doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.14 }}</ref>

Most species have restricted distributions and small populations and with increased warming their habitats are threatened, making them endangered. In North America some species like ''[[Grylloblatta barberi]]'' and ''[[Grylloblatta oregonensis|G. oregonensis]]'' are known from single sites.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/syen.12052|title=Current status of the systematics and evolutionary biology of Grylloblattidae (Grylloblattodea)|journal=Systematic Entomology|volume=39|issue=2|pages=197–204|year=2014|last1=Schoville|first1=Sean D|doi-access=free}}</ref>