Editing Groningen (section)

==Etymology==
The origin and meaning of 'Groningen' and its older variant, 'Groeningen', are uncertain. A folk origin story relates the idea that, in 453 BC, exiles from [[Troy]] who were guided by a mythical figure called Gruno (or Grunius, Gryns or Grunus), along with a group of [[Phrygians]] from Germany, founded a settlement in what is now Groningen, and built a castle on the bank of the [[Hunze]], which they called 'Grunoburg', and which was later destroyed by the Vikings.<ref>{{cite book |title=''De Navorscher: Een middel tot gedachtenwisseling en letterkundig verkeer, tusschen allen die iets weten: iets te vragen hebben, of iets kunnen oplossen ...'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e0sWAAAAYAAJ |year=1855 |publisher=J.C. Loman, Jr. |language=nl |pages=44–45}}</ref><ref name="Motley1867" />

One modern theory is that 'Groningen' meant 'among the people of Groni' ('Groningi' and 'Groninga' in the 11th century), derived from ''Gronesbeke'', which was the old name for a small lake near the Hunze (on the northern border of [[Zuidlaarderveen]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Nieuwe Groninger encyclopedie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_RKAAAACAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=REGIO-PRoject uitgevers |language=nl |isbn=978-90-5028-132-4 |page=317}}</ref> As the name Grone (variant Groene) is an old Frisian personal name, the origin may very well be in a settlement originally founded by the family of Grone and their followers, which in Frisian would be called Groninga. Another theory is that the name was derived from the word ''groenighe'', meaning 'green fields'.<ref name="Motley1867">{{cite book |author=John Lothrop Motley |title=History of the United Netherlands, from the Death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort: With a Full View of the English-Dutch Struggle Against Spain, and of the Origin and Destruction of the Spanish Armada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=upDBc7E_2bEC&pg=PA270 |year=1867 |publisher=John Murray |page=270}}</ref> 

In [[Frisian languages|Frisian]], it is called ''Grins''.<ref>[http://gtb.inl.nl/iWDB/search?wdb=WFT&actie=article&id=35345 "Grins (II)”], in ''Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal'' (in Dutch), 2011</ref> In [[Groningen (province)|Groningen province]], it is called ''{{ill|Groot Loug|nl|Loug}}''. Regionally, it is often simply referred to as ''Stad'' (the "city"),<ref>{{cite book |title=Onze taaltuin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vI7AAAAIAAJ |volume=5-6 |year=1936 |language=nl |page=187}}</ref><ref name="Molema1887">{{cite book |author=Helmer Molema |title=Woordenboek der Groningsche volkstaal in de 19de eeuw |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdAvAAAAYAAJ |year=1887 |publisher=Mekel |language=nl |page=398}}</ref> and its inhabitants are referred to as ''Stadjers'' or ''Stadjeder''.<ref name="Conference1995">{{cite book |author=Association for History and Computing. International Conference |title=Structures and Contingencies in Computerized Historical Research: Proceedings of the IX International Conference of the Association for History & Computing, Nijmegen, 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K_XBi0i23XYC&pg=PA94 |year=1995 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=90-6550-142-8 |page=94}}</ref> The Dutch sometimes refer to it as "the Metropolis of the North",<ref name="HagueJenkins2005">{{cite book |author1=Cliff Hague |author2=Paul Jenkins |title=Place Identity, Participation and Planning |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njjk7N1e_UwC&pg=PA109 |year=2005 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-26242-2 |page=109}}</ref> or ''Martinistad'' (after the ''[[Martinitoren]]'' tower).<ref name="HagueJenkins2005" />