Editing Grannus (section)

==Name==
===Etymology===
The [[theonym]] ''Grannus'' is a latinized form of Gaulish ''Grannos''.{{Sfn|Zeidler|2003|pp=82–83}} The same stem appears in the personal names ''Grania'', ''Grannia'', ''Grannicus'', and ''Grannica'', as well as in the place names ''Grignols'' (from an earlier *''Granno-ialon'' 'Grannus' clearing'), ''Aquae Granni'' (> ''[[Aachen]]''), and ''Granéjouls''.{{Sfn|Delamarre|2003|p=183}}

Its etymology remains debated. The name could be connected to [[Proto-Celtic]] *''grand''-''/grend-'', meaning 'beard' (cf. Middle Irish ''grend'', Middle Welsh ''grann'' 'chin, beard, cheek', Middle Breton ''grann'' 'eyebrow'), although some scholars have pointed that the god is never actually portrayed with a beard. Old French ''grenon'' ('small beard'), Old Spanish ''greñon'' ('beard') and Occitan ''gren'' ('moustache') are derived from an earlier *''grennos'', that is supposed to be Gaulish, but the vocalism is difficult to reconcile with the other forms.{{Sfn|Delamarre|2003|p=183}}{{Sfn|Zeidler|2003|pp=78–80}}{{Sfn|Matasović|2009|p=166}}

An alternative etymology connects the name to a reconstructed form *''gra-snó''- (< *''g<sup>w</sup>hr-snó''-), which could be related to Proto-Celtic ''*g<sup>w</sup>rīns-''/''g<sup>w</sup>rens-'', meaning 'heat' (cf. Middle Irish ''grīs'' 'heat, glow, embers', Middle Welsh ''gwres'' 'heat [of the sun, fire], passion, lust').{{Sfn|Zeidler|2003|pp=82–83}}{{Sfn|Matasović|2009|p=147}} Scholar Jürgen Zeidler contends that this would be a "probable reference to the sun's heat and its healing properties".{{Sfn|Zeidler|2003}} In early twentieth century scholarship, the theonym was often compared with the Old Irish ''grían'' ('sun'),{{Sfn|Delamarre|2003|p=183}} which, according to linguist [[Ranko Matasović]], should be derived from Proto-Celtic *''g<sup>w</sup>rensā'' (> [[Primitive Irish]] ''*g<sup>w</sup>rēnā'').{{Sfn|Matasović|2009|p=147}}

===Epithets===
At [[Monthelon, Saône-et-Loire|Monthelon]], Grannus is called ''Deus Apollo Grannus Amarcolitanus''<ref name="amarco">{{CIL|13|02600}}</ref> ("The one with a piercing or far-reaching look"<ref>Zeidler, Jürgen, "On the etymology of Grannus", Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, Volume 53 (1), de Gruyter. 2003, p. 86.</ref>), and at [[Horbourg-Wihr]] ''Apollo Grannus [[Mogounus]]''.<ref name="SMF">Patrice Lajoye. [http://www.mythofrancaise.asso.fr/mythes/themes/divcelt2.htm Un inventaire des divinités celtes de l’Antiquité]. Société de Mythologie Française. See also the inventory's [http://www.mythofrancaise.asso.fr/mythes/themes/divcelt1.htm introduction]. {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref name="mogo">{{CIL|13|05315}}</ref>

In all of his centres of worship where he is assimilated to a [[Roman deities|Roman god]], Grannus was [[Interpretatio romana|identified]] with [[Apollo]],<ref name="SMF"/> presumably in Apollo's role as a healing or solar deity. In [[Trier]], he is identified more specifically with [[Phoebus]] as Apollo Grannus Phoebus.<ref>{{CIL|13|03635}}</ref><ref name="SMF"/>