Editing Grand duchy (section)

==Luxembourg==
{{Unsourced section|date=February 2024}}
[[File:Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg|thumb|Coat of Arms of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg|162x162px]]
The only grand duchy still extant is [[Luxembourg]]. It regained its independence from [[Napoleon]]ic France and became a sovereign grand duchy in 1815 by decision of the [[Congress of Vienna]] which dealt with the political aftermath of the [[Napoleonic Wars]].

In order to act as a sufficient counterbalance to France, the Congress decided to grant the dignity of grand duke of Luxembourg to the monarch of the newly created [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] which comprised present-day [[Netherlands]] and Belgium. Luxembourg remained in [[personal union]] with the crown of the Netherlands until 1890 when [[William III of the Netherlands|William III]], King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, died without leaving a male heir. He was succeeded on the Dutch throne by his daughter [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Wilhelmina]], but she could not become Grand Duchess of Luxembourg under the [[Salic law#Agnatic succession|semi-Salic]] law established by the [[Congress of Vienna]]. In terms of the law, the grand ducal throne had to be passed to a male [[Dynasty#Dynast|dynast]]. If there were no male heirs in a specific branch of the [[House of Nassau]], the throne would go to the next in line from any of the other branches. This resulted in the title of grand duke being bestowed on a distant male cousin of William III, [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Adolphe]], from the elder branch of [[Nassau-Weilburg]] (at present ''Luxembourg-Nassau''). The current monarch is  [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] since 2000.