Editing Grand Canyon National Park (section)

==History==
[[File:Grand Canyon poster 1938.jpg|thumb|left|upright|1938 poster of the park]]
The Grand Canyon became well known to Americans in the 1880s after railroads were built and pioneers developed infrastructure and early tourism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/historyculture/upload/chapter1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150749/http://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/historyculture/upload/chapter1.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=live |title=Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park |last=Anderson |first=Michael F. |publisher=Grand Canyon Association |access-date=December 7, 2015}}</ref> In 1903, President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] visited the site and said, <blockquote>The Grand Canyon fills me with awe. It is beyond comparison—beyond description; absolutely unparalleled throughout the wide world&nbsp;.... Let this great wonder of nature remain as it now is. Do nothing to mar its grandeur, sublimity and loveliness. You cannot improve on it. But you can keep it for your children, your children's children, and all who come after you, as the one great sight which every American should see.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/grand-canyon-national-park-presents-living-history-performance-of-president-theodore-roosevelt.htm |title=Grand Canyon National Park Presents Living History Performance of President Theodore Roosevelt |last1=Pryputniewicz |first1=Vanya |last2=Peterson |first2=Peter |publisher=nps.gov |access-date=27 February 2015}}</ref></blockquote>

Despite Roosevelt's enthusiasm and strong interest in [[Conservation movement|preserving land]] for public use, the Grand Canyon was not immediately designated as a national park. The first bill to establish Grand Canyon National Park was introduced in 1882 by then-Senator [[Benjamin Harrison]], which would have established Grand Canyon as the third national park in the United States, after [[Yellowstone National Park|Yellowstone]] and [[Mackinac National Park|Mackinac]]. Harrison unsuccessfully reintroduced his bill in 1883 and 1886; after [[1888 United States presidential election|his election]] to the presidency, he established the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve in 1893. Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon Game Preserve by [[Executive order|proclamation]] on November 28, 1906,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title16/pdf/USCODE-2011-title16-chap6-sec687.pdf |title=Archived copy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112741/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title16/pdf/USCODE-2011-title16-chap6-sec687.pdf |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2014}}</ref> and the Grand Canyon [[National Monument]] on January 11, 1908.<ref>{{USStat|35|2175}}</ref> Further Senate bills to establish the site as a national park were introduced and defeated in 1910 and 1911, before the Grand Canyon National Park Act ({{USPL|65|277}}) was finally signed by President [[Woodrow Wilson]] on February 26, 1919.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Yanagihara |first1=Wendy |title=Grand Canyon National Park |last2=Denniston |first2=Jennifer |date=2008 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1741044836 |page=95}}</ref> The [[National Park Service]], established in 1916, assumed administration of the park.

The creation of the park was an early success of the [[Conservation in the United States|conservation movement]]. Its national park status may have helped thwart proposals to dam the Colorado River within its boundaries. (Later, the [[Glen Canyon Dam]] would be built upriver.) A second Grand Canyon National Monument to the west was proclaimed in 1932.<ref name="Index2012-2016">{{cite book|url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/NPIndex2012-2016.pdf|title=The National Parks: Index 2012–2016|publisher=National Park Service|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113065657/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/NPIndex2012-2016.pdf|archive-date=November 13, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1975, that monument and [[Marble Canyon]] National Monument, which was established in 1969 and followed the Colorado River northeast from the Grand Canyon to [[Lees Ferry]], were made part of Grand Canyon National Park. In 1979, [[UNESCO]] declared the park a [[World Heritage Site]]. The 1987 the National Parks Overflights Act<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/nature/airoverflights_documents.htm | title=Overflights – Documents – Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service)}}</ref> found that
"Noise associated with aircraft overflights at the Grand Canyon National Park is causing a significant adverse effect on the natural quiet and experience of the park and current aircraft operations at the Grand Canyon National Park have raised serious concerns regarding public safety, including concerns regarding the safety of park users."

[[File: ATBQ 2010 AZ GrandCanyon.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Grand Canyon Quarter]]

In 2010, Grand Canyon National Park was honored with its own coin under the [[America the Beautiful Quarters]] program.<ref name="quarters">{{Cite web |url=http://grandcanyonsecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/grand-canyon.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227125454/http://grandcanyonsecrets.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/grand-canyon.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-27 |url-status=live |title=Grand Canyon Coin Introduced |year=2010 |website=[[United States Mint]] |access-date=February 27, 2015 |quote=The Grand Canyon National Park Quarter is the fourth coin of 2010 in the America the Beautiful Quarters® Program. The reverse image features a view of the granaries above the Nankoweap Delta in Marble Canyon near the Colorado River.}}</ref> On February 26, 2019, the Grand Canyon National Park commemorated 100 years since its designation as a national park.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=100th Anniversary Celebration Took Place in 2019|url=https://www.nps.gov/grca/getinvolved/centennial.htm|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

The Grand Canyon had been part of the National Park Service's Intermountain Region until 2018.{{CN|date=January 2023}} Today, the Grand Canyon is a part of Region 8, also known as the Lower Colorado Basin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DOI Regions – Bureau Executive Assignments |url=https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/doi-regions-bureau-executive-assignments.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703194551/https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/doi-regions-bureau-executive-assignments.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-03 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Legal history timeline=== 
*'''1882''' First unsuccessful attempt to establish a Grand Canyon National Park
*'''1893''' Designated a "forest reserve" by President Benjamin Harrison (Presidential Proclamation #45)
*'''1908''' Established as Grand Canyon National Monument by President Theodore Roosevelt (Presidential Proclamation #794)
*'''1919''' Designation of Grand Canyon National Park by an act of Congress on February 26 (40 Stat 1175)
*'''1975''' Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act an act of Congress on January 3 (88 Stat 2089) ({{USPL|93|620}})
*'''1979''' Designation as a World Heritage Site on October 26<ref>{{Cite web |title=Management – Grand Canyon National Park |publisher =U.S. National Park Service|url=https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/management/index.htm |access-date=April 27, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Administrators=== 
*William Harrison Peters (acting): August 1919 – September 1920
*Dewitt L. Raeburn: October 1920  –  December 1921
*John Roberts White (acting): December 1921  –  February 1922
*Walter Wilson Crosby: February 1922  –  January 1924
*George C. Bolton (acting): January 1923  –  June 1923
*John Ross Eakin: January 1924  –  April 1927
*Miner Raymond Tillotson: April 1927  –  December 1938
*James V. Lloyd (acting): December 1938  –  February 1939
*Harold Child Bryant (acting): February 1939 –  January 1940
*James V. Lloyd (acting): January 1940 –  August 1940
*Frank Alvah Kittredge: August 1940 –  July 1941
*Harold Child Bryant: August 1941 –  March 1954 
*Preston P. Patraw: May 1954 –  July 1955
*John Sherman McLaughlin: August 1955 –  March 1964
*Howard B. Stricklin: March 1964 –  February 1969
*Robert R. Lovegren: April 1969 –  July 1972
*Merle E. Stitt: August 1972 –  January 1980 
*Bruce W. Shaw (acting): January 1980 –  May 1980 
*Richard W. Marks: May 1980 –  December 1988
*John C. Reed (acting): December 1988 –  January 1989
*John H. Davis: January 1989 –  August 1991
*Robert Chandler: October 1991 –  October 1993
*Boyd Evison (acting): January 1994 –  July 1994
*Robert L. Arnberger: July 1994 –  October 2000<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Michael F. |title=Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park |publisher=Grand Canyon Association |year=2000 |page=90}}</ref>
*Dave Uberauga: 2011 - May 2016<ref>{{cite web |author1=Kirby-Lynn Shedlowski |title=Superintendent Dave Uberuaga Announces Retirement |url=https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/superintendent-dave-uberuaga-announces-retirement.htm |website=National Park Service |access-date=29 January 2024 |date=17 May 2016}}</ref>
*Christine Lehnertz: August 2016 - March 2019<ref>{{cite web |author1=Felicia Fonseca |title=1st female superintendent of Grand Canyon park steps down |url=https://apnews.com/travel-and-tourism-general-news-96aa34f65fe44e49bb0d2458913b2117 |publisher=AP News |access-date=29 January 2024 |date=14 March 2019}}</ref>
*Ed Keable: April 2020 - present<ref>{{cite web |title=Ed Keable Named Superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park |url=https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/grand-canyon-superintendent-ed-keable.htm |website=National Park Service |access-date=29 January 2024 |date=3 April 2020}}</ref>