Editing Goy (section)

== Hebrew Bible==
The word {{lang|he-Latn|goy}} means "nation" in [[Biblical Hebrew]].<ref name=Rosen-Zvi /><ref name=Persico /> In the [[Torah]], {{lang|he-Latn|goy}} and its variants appear 560 times in reference to both the [[Israelite]]s and the non-Israelite nations.<ref name=BrookeL />

The first recorded usage of ''goyim'' occurs in {{bibleverse|Genesis||10:5|HE}} and applies to non-Israelite nations. The first mention of ''goy'' in relation to the Israelites comes in {{bibleverse|Genesis||12:2|HE}}, when God promises [[Abraham]] that his descendants will form a {{lang|he-Latn|goy gadol}} ("great nation").<ref name=Lazarus />

There are two exceptions where a “Kingdom of Goyim” is mentioned. One is in {{bibleverse|Genesis||14:1|HE}}, where it states that the "King of Goyim" was [[Tidal (Bible King)|Tidal]]. Bible commentaries suggest that the term may refer to [[Gutium]]. The other is in {{bibleverse|Joshua|12:23|NIV}}, where a “King of Goyim in [[Gilgal]]” is included in the list of kings slain by [[Joshua]]. In all other cases the meaning of {{lang|he-Latn|goyim}} is 'nations.'<ref name=MooreColby /><ref name = "ISB" />

In {{bibleverse|Exodus||19:6|HE}}, the Israelites are referred to as a {{lang|he-Latn|goy kadosh}}, a "holy nation".<ref name=Rosen-Zvi /><ref name="RoseKlein2009" /> One of the more poetic descriptions of the [[chosen people]] in the Hebrew Bible, and popular among Jewish scholars is {{lang|he-Latn|goy ehad b'aretz}}, or "a unique nation upon the earth" ({{bibleverse|2 Samuel|7:23}} and {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|17:21}})<ref name=Maroof />

===Translations of 'goy' in English-language Christian Bibles===
In English language Christian bibles, ''nation'' has been used as the principal translation for ''goy'' in the [[Hebrew Bible]], from the earliest English language bibles such as the 1530 [[Tyndale Bible]] and the 1611 [[King James Version]].<ref name="KJVLexicon" /><ref>[[s:Bible (Tyndale)/Genesis#Chapter 10|Tyndale Gen 10]]</ref>

The [[King James Version]] of the Bible translates the word {{lang|he-Latn|goy}}/{{lang|he-Latn|goyim}} as "nation" 374 times, "heathen" 143 times, "Gentile" 30 times (see ''Evolution of the Term'' below) and "people" 11 times.<ref name =KJVLexicon /> The [[New American Standard Bible]] translation uses the following words: "every nation" (2 times) Gentiles (1) Goiim (1), Harosheth-hagoyim* (3), herds (1), nation (120), nations (425), people (4).<ref name=NASLexicon>{{cite web | last1=Baker | first1=Lisa Loraine | last2=Leake | first2=Mike | title=Gowy Meaning in Bible - Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon | website=biblestudytools.com | date=18 October 2022 | url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/lexicons/hebrew/nas/gowy.html | access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref>