Editing Gough Whitlam (section)

==Early life==

[[File:Ngara, Gough Whitlam's birthplace.jpg|thumb|left|"Ngara", Whitlam's birthplace (now demolished)]]

Edward Gough Whitlam was born on 11 July 1916 at the family home [[Gough Whitlam's birthplace|'Ngara']], 46 Rowland Street,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trustadvocate.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Ngara-46-Rowland-St-Kew-citation-150514-docx.docx |title=National Trust Heritage Citation |date=n.d. |access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> [[Kew, Victoria|Kew]], a suburb of Melbourne, the elder of two children (his sister, [[Freda Whitlam|Freda]], was born four years after him),<ref name="Legge-2010" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/freda-whitlam-educationalist-passionate-about-her-girls-20180531-p4zipu.html |title=Freda Whitlam: educationalist passionate about her girls |date=1 June 2018 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref> to Martha (née Maddocks) and [[Fred Whitlam]].<ref name="Before Office" /> His father was a federal public servant who later was [[Commonwealth Crown Solicitor]], and Whitlam senior's involvement in human rights issues was a powerful influence on his son.{{sfn|Oakes|Solomon|1973|p=49}} Since his maternal grandfather was also named Edward, from early childhood he was called by his middle name, Gough, which had come from his paternal grandfather who had been named after the British soldier Field-Marshal [[Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough]].{{sfn|Hocking|2008|p=25}}

In 1918, Fred Whitlam was promoted to deputy Crown solicitor and transferred to Sydney. The family lived first in the North Shore suburb of [[Mosman]] and then in [[Turramurra]]. At age six, Gough began his education at Chatswood Church of England Girls' School (early primary schooling at a girls' school was not unusual for small boys at the time). After a year there, he attended [[Mowbray House School]] and [[Knox Grammar School]] in the suburbs of Sydney.{{sfn|Hocking|2008|pp=27–28}}

Fred Whitlam was promoted again in 1927, this time to Assistant Crown Solicitor. The position was located in the new national capital of Canberra, and the Whitlam family moved there.{{sfn|Hocking|2008|pp=27–28}} As of 2008, Whitlam was the only prime minister to have spent his formative years in Canberra.<!--still true as of Albanese--><ref name="Crase-2008" /> At the time, conditions remained primitive in what was dubbed "the bush capital" and "the land of the blowflies".{{sfn|Hocking|2008|pp=33–37}} Gough attended the government [[Telopea Park School]].{{sfn|Oakes|Solomon|1973|p=48}} In 1932, Whitlam's father transferred him to [[Canberra Grammar School]] where, at the Speech Day ceremony that year, he was awarded a prize by the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]], Sir [[Isaac Isaacs]].{{sfn|Hocking|2008|pp=55–56}}

[[File:Gough Whitlam attestation paper (Royal Australian Air Force).jpg|left|thumb|alt=A folder showing a head-and-shoulders photo of Whitlam as a young man, with an identification paper|Photograph of Whitlam and attestation paper from his [[Royal Australian Air Force|RAAF]] officer personnel file dated 1942]]

Whitlam enrolled at [[St. Paul's College, Sydney|St Paul's College]] at the [[University of Sydney]] at the age of 18.{{sfn|Oakes|Solomon|1973|p=48}} He earned his first wages by appearing, with several other "Paulines", in a cabaret scene in the film ''[[The Broken Melody (1937 film)|The Broken Melody]]''{{snd}}the students were chosen because St Paul's required formal wear at dinner, and they could therefore supply their own costumes.{{sfn|Hocking|2008|pp=59, 64}} After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree with second-class honours in [[classics]], Whitlam remained at St Paul's to study law. He had originally contemplated an academic career, but his lacklustre marks made that unlikely.{{sfn|Hocking|2008|pp=66–67}} Dropping out of Greek classes, he professed himself unable to care for the "dry as dust" lectures of [[Enoch Powell]].<ref>Grosz, Chris; Maloney Shane: [http://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2012/april/1333497085/shane-maloney/gough-whitlam-enoch-powell "Gough Whitlam & Enoch Powell"], ''[[The Monthly]]'', No 77, April 2012.</ref>