Editing Gooding County, Idaho (section)

==History==
Almost 15,000 years ago, the Hagerman Valley was formed by the Bonneville Flood which deposited thousands of smooth boulders which can be seen on the surface of the valley floor today.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hagerman, Idaho – Rock Melons, Watermelons, The First Horse, Trout and Sturgeon Galore!|url=https://sird4u.org/community-profiles/hagerman-idaho-rock-melons-the-first-horse-largest-trout-producer-in-the-world/|publisher=Southern Idaho Rural Development|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref> After the Bonneville flood, Natives settled the area starting at least 12,000 years ago. Natives came into contact with emigrants on the Oregon Trail by 1840. The Oregon Trail traversed Gooding County with many emigrants stopping at Salmon Falls on the Snake River to barter fish with the native population. While Gooding County presently contains significant farming operations, it was the discovery of gold in 1862 that brought non-native settlement to the area. Mining settlement in the area was quite small in comparison to the rush to the Boise Valley occurring at the same time. The 1863 Census of Idaho Territory indicates there were 600 miners working Snake River mining operations, possibly covering the span of the river from the Hagerman Valley to Idaho Falls.<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: 1863 Census|url=https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0129.pdf|publisher=Idaho State Historical Society|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228041012/https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0129.pdf|archive-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: Snake River Fine Gold|url=https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0296.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503192424/http://www.history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0296.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=live|publisher=Idaho State Historical Society|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref> Seven years later few people remained. A camp was sustained at Salmon Falls during 1870. The U.S. Census of 1870 enumerated 28 residents for "Overland Road and Snake River"<ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: The Oregon Trail in Idaho|url=https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0050.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503191319/http://www.history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0050.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=live|publisher=Idaho State Historical Society|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: SALMON FALLS AND THOUSAND SPRINGS|url=https://history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0184.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503183252/http://www.history.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/reference-series/0184.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=live|publisher=Idaho State Historical Society|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hangin' Out in Hagerman|url=https://sunvalleymag.com/articles/hangin-out-in-hagerman/|publisher=Sun Valley Magazine|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ninth Census&mdash;Volume I|date=1872|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington|pages=107|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a-01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051108174045/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a-01.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2005 |url-status=live|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref>

At the time of Snake River mining operations, the mining settlements were under the jurisdiction of Idaho County, Washington Territory. They were transferred to Boise County in 1863, becoming part of Alturas County at its creation in 1864. The railroad came through the area in the early 1880s with the Toponis railroad station being established by 1883. A post office was established there by 1887. The Toponis and Hagerman Valley settlements became part of Logan County at its creation in 1889. Logan county established the Bliss, Malad, and Toponis precincts containing 340 residents at the 1890 census.<ref>{{cite book|title=Report on Population of the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890|date=1895|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington|page=100|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051108174600/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-01.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2005 |url-status=live|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref> These precincts were transferred to Lincoln County at the first attempt to organize it in 1891. That act was found unconstitutional. In 1895 the precincts were transferred to Blaine County for a few days before ending up in Lincoln County. The arrival of the 20th Century brought a significant increase in settlement at Wendell and Toponis. Wendell incorporated in 1902. A town was platted on land owned by Frank R. Gooding at the Toponis rail station in 1907 and incorporated under the name of Gooding in 1908.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Gooding, Idaho|url=http://www.goodingidaho.org/|publisher=City of Gooding, Idaho|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref> The boom in settlement is clearly reflected when comparing 1900 and 1910 U.S. Census data. From 1900 to 1910, the Gooding precinct posted a 931% increase over the population listed for Toponis in 1900. The Clear Creek, Hagerman, and Wendell precincts were derived from the Malad precinct and posted a 509% increase over its 1900 population. Population growth was substantially lower at Bliss which only increased 42% over the 1900 population for the Bliss and Boulder Hill precincts. The only exception to the boom was for the sparsely populated Clover Creek precinct which saw a population decline. Overall, the precincts grew from 852 residents to 4,677 over that time frame—an increase of 448%.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census Reports Volume I: Twelfth Census of the United States, Taken in the year 1900|date=1901|publisher=United States Census Office|location=Washington|page=112|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/33405927v1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914182802/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/33405927v1.pdf |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |url-status=live|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Thirteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1910|date=1913|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington|page=417|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912170833/http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v2.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2015 |url-status=live|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref>

Compared to other Lincoln County settlements of the time, Gooding's growth was mirrored in new settlement at Jerome and Rupert. The Jerome and Gooding precincts overtook the county seat of Shoshone as the most populous precincts at the 1910 census with the Rupert precinct trailing Shoshone by less than 200 residents. Shoshone was familiar with losing its position as county seat after having been established as the county seat of Logan County in 1889, only to lose that status to Bellevue at an election in 1890. The political considerations of Lincoln County's growth led to the creation of Gooding and Minidoka counties in 1913. Gooding County took on its present shape in 1919 after the formation of Jerome County.<ref>{{cite book|title=Idaho Atlas of Historical County Boundaries|date=2010|publisher=The Newberry Library|location=Chicago|pages=12, 42, 36, 93–95, 133, 136–137}}</ref>