Editing Goleta, California (section)

==History==
[[File:Barnsdall-Rio Grande gas station, Goleta.jpg|thumb|left|Historic [[Spanish Colonial Revival architecture|Spanish Colonial Revival]] style Barnsdall-Rio Grande station outside the former [[Ellwood Oil Field]]]]

===Early history===
<!--Native history-->
The area of present-day Goleta was populated for thousands of years by the [[Chumash (tribe)|Chumash]] people. Locally, they became known, by the Spanish, as ''Canaliños'' as they lived along the coast, adjacent to the [[Channel Islands of California|Channel Islands]]. One of the largest villages, ''S'axpilil'', was north of the [[Goleta Slough]], not far from the present-day [[Santa Barbara Airport]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sbnature.org/research/anthro/chumash/golval.htm|title=Chumash Placenames of the Goleta Valley|work=sbnature.org|access-date=July 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520171159/http://www.sbnature.org/research/anthro/chumash/golval.htm|archive-date=May 20, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<!--European discovery-->
The first known European visitor to the Goleta area was the mariner [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]], who spent time around the Channel Islands in 1542, and died there the following year. During the 1980s, the discovery of a [[16th century|16th-century]] [[cannon]] on the beach led to the [[Fringe theories on the location of New Albion#Goleta.2C Santa Barbara County.2C California|advancement of a theory]] that [[Francis Drake|Sir Francis Drake]] sailed into the Goleta Slough in 1579. Goleta is one of many alternative locations (and the one farthest south) proposed for Drake's "[[New Albion]]", generally believed to be today's [[Drake's Bay]], north of [[San Francisco]].

In [[1602]], another sailing expedition, led by [[Sebastian Vizcaino]], visited the [[Coastal California|California Coast]]. Vizcaino named the channel 'Santa Barbara'. Spanish ships, associated with the [[Manila Galleon]] trade, probably stopped in the area, intermittently, over the following 167 years; no permanent settlements were established.

The first land [[Portola expedition|expedition]] to California, led by [[Gaspar de Portolà]], spent several days in the area in 1769, on its way to [[Monterey Bay]], and also spent the night of [[Timeline of the Portolà expedition|August 20]] near a creek (possibly [[San Pedro Creek]]) to the north of the Goleta [[estuary]]. At that time, the estuary was a very large, open-water lagoon that covered most of (what is now) the city of Goleta, stretching as far north as Lake Los Carneros (adjacent to [[Stow House]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hep.ucsb.edu/people/hnn/goslupanyarr1782.jpg|title=A 1782 Spanish map of the lagoon overlaid on a modern map|access-date=April 12, 2014|archive-date=June 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628094627/http://hep.ucsb.edu/people/hnn/goslupanyarr1782.jpg|url-status=live}}</ref> There were at least five native towns in the area, the largest being on an island in the middle of the lagoon. For that reason, expedition engineer Miguel Costanso called the group of towns 'Pueblos de la Isla', or 'towns of the island'.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pacificahistory.wikispaces.com/Portola+Expedition+August+20%2C+1769+Diaries|title=Portola Expedition August 20, 1769 Diaries|work=pacificahistory.wikispaces.com|access-date=July 14, 2017|archive-date=July 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731023847/https://pacificahistory.wikispaces.com/Portola+Expedition+August+20%2C+1769+Diaries|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the soldiers called the island town [[Mexcaltitán de Uribe|Mescaltitlan]], after a similarly insular [[Aztecs|Aztec]] settlement in [[Nayarit]], Mexico. Franciscan missionary [[Juan Crespi]], who accompanied the expedition, gave the towns the name 'Santa Margarita de Cortona'.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bolton |first=Herbert E. |pages=166–169 |year=1927 |title=Fray Juan Crespi: Missionary Explorer on the Pacific Coast, 1769-1774 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b233487;view=1up;seq=9|publisher=HathiTrust Digital Library }}</ref>

The island retained the name [[Mescalitan Island]] (dropping the extra 'T' of the Aztec spelling), until it was bulldozed and flattened in [[1941]] to provide fill for the military airfield that is now Santa Barbara Airport (SBA). The Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Goleta Sanitary District is located on what used to be the island.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goletasanitary.org/|title=Goleta Sanitary District - Home|website=goletasanitary.org|access-date=January 7, 2022|archive-date=January 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107195134/https://goletasanitary.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Image:CabrilloBusinessPark-1.png|thumb|300px|right|Cabrillo Business Park in Goleta]]

Portola returned to San Diego via the same route in January [[1770]], where he mounted a second expedition to Monterey that year. A second Spanish expedition came to the Santa Barbara area of [[Alta California]] in [[1774]], led by [[Juan Bautista de Anza]]. De Anza returned the following year, and the road along the coast of Santa Barbara County (today's [[California State Route 1|Highway 1]]) soon became the [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]], connecting the string of Spanish missions.

<!--Mission and rancho era-->
An expedition in 1782, led by military governor [[Felipe de Neve]], founded the [[Presidio of Santa Barbara]] and, soon thereafter, the [[Santa Barbara Mission]]. The Goleta area, along with most of the coastal areas of today's Santa Barbara County, was placed in the jurisdiction of the presidio and mission.

Sometime after the De Anza expeditions, a sailing ship ("goleta") was wrecked at the mouth of the lagoon, and remained visible for many years, giving the area its current name. After Mexico became independent of Spain in 1821, most of the former mission ranch lands were divided up into large grants. The Goleta area became part of two adjacent ranchos. To the east of today's Fairview Avenue was [[Rancho La Goleta]], named for the shipwreck and granted to [[Daniel A. Hill]], the first American resident of Santa Barbara. An 1840s diseño (claim map) of the rancho shows the wrecked ship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hep.ucsb.edu/people/hnn/lagoleta.gif|title=Rancho La Goleta diseño}}</ref>

The parts of Goleta to the west of Fairview Avenue were in [[Rancho Dos Pueblos]], granted in 1842 to Irish immigrant Nicholas Den, son-in-law of Daniel Hill. Rancho Dos Pueblos included the lagoon, airport, UCSB and [[Isla Vista, California|Isla Vista]], extending to the west as far as the eastern boundary of today's [[El Capitan State Beach]].

===19th and 20th centuries===
<!--misc info: early 20th century-->
The Goleta Valley was a prominent lemon-growing region during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was largely agricultural. Several areas, especially the Ellwood Mesa, were developed for [[oil extraction|oil]] and [[natural gas extraction]]. In the 1920s, aviation pioneers started using portions of the [[Goleta Slough]] that had silted-in due to agriculture to land and takeoff. As former [[tidelands]], the title to these lands was unclear. Starting in 1940, boosters from the city of Santa Barbara lobbied and obtained federal funding and passed a bond measure to formally develop an airport on the Goleta Slough. The necessity for an airport – or at least a military airfield – became more apparent after a Japanese submarine shelled the [[Ellwood Oil Field]] in 1942. This was one of the few direct-fire [[Attacks on North America during World War II|attacks on the U.S. continent during WWII]]. The Marine Corps undertook completion of the airport and established [[Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara]] on the site of the current airport and [[University of California, Santa Barbara]], campus.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://goletahistory.com|title=Goleta History|work=goletahistory.com|access-date=July 14, 2017|archive-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621200901/http://goletahistory.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!--development of present economy-->
After the war, Goleta Valley residents supported the construction of [[Lake Cachuma]], which provided water, enabling a housing boom and the establishment of research and aerospace firms in the area. In 1954, the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]], moved to part of the former Marine base. Along with the boom in aerospace, the character changed from rural-agricultural to high tech. Goleta remains a center for high-tech firms, and a [[bedroom community]] for neighboring Santa Barbara.

===Incorporation===
Goleta was [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] as a city in 2002 after several unsuccessful attempts. A significant urbanized area remains [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated]] between the cities of Goleta and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], largely consisting of the area which polled against incorporation prior to the 2002 election (this area was excluded from the city boundaries to facilitate approval of incorporation). There has been some discussion of annexation of this area (sometimes dubbed "[[Noleta]]") by the city of Santa Barbara.

In addition, the student community of [[Isla Vista]] directly to the south was excluded from the new city of Goleta. Whether or not to include Isla Vista was a subject of debate during incorporation planning, including Goleta residents concerned about impacts on tax revenue and the voting patterns of students.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dougherty |first= Alison |date= December 7, 2000 |title= Meeting To Review Possible City Boundaries for Goleta |url= http://dailynexus.com/2000-12-07/meeting-to-review-possible-city-boundaries-for-goleta/ |newspaper= The Daily Nexus |location= Santa Barbara County, California |access-date= October 7, 2014 |archive-date= October 11, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141011123754/http://dailynexus.com/2000-12-07/meeting-to-review-possible-city-boundaries-for-goleta/ |url-status= live }}</ref> A [[Local Agency Formation Commission]] report supported excluding Isla Vista because of differences in "community identity", but considered both including and excluding Isla Vista to be viable choices.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dougherty |first= Alison |date= May 2, 2001 |title= LAFCO To Vote on Proposed I.V. Inclusion in Goleta Plan |url= http://dailynexus.com/2001-05-02/lafco-to-vote-on-proposed-iv-inclusion-in-goleta-plan/ |newspaper= The Daily Nexus |location= Santa Barbara County, California |access-date= October 7, 2014 |archive-date= October 11, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141011123500/http://dailynexus.com/2001-05-02/lafco-to-vote-on-proposed-iv-inclusion-in-goleta-plan/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Goleta Activists Kick Off New Petition Drive For City of Goleta without I.V. |pages=3 |newspaper=Isla Vista and Western Goleta Free Press |url=https://www.library.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/special-collections/research/ivweb/ivFP/FreePress_4_27_88.pdf |date=May 3, 1988}}</ref>

===Postal shooting===
On January 30, 2006, [[Jennifer San Marco]] [[going postal|shot and killed]] seven people, including six postal workers, [[murder-suicide|before]] committing [[suicide]] at the postal processing facility where she had been previously employed. The dead included Charlotte Colton, 44, Beverly Graham, 54, Ze Fairchild, 37, Maleka Higgins, 28, Nicola Grant, 42, Guadalupe Swartz, 52, and Dexter Shannon, 57. This incident is believed to be the deadliest workplace shooting ever carried out in the United States by a woman.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/01/31/postal.shooting| title = Seven dead in California postal shooting| publisher = CNN| date = January 31, 2006| access-date = February 4, 2006| archive-date = February 3, 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060203024519/http://www2.cnn.com/2006/US/01/31/postal.shooting/| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4665790.stm| title = US ex-postal employee kills six| publisher = BBC| date = January 31, 2006| access-date = February 4, 2006| archive-date = February 3, 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060203052511/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4665790.stm| url-status = live}}</ref>