Editing Glossary of Islam (section)

==A==
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;[[Abd (Arabic)|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿAbd}}]] ({{lang|ar|عبد}}) (for male) [[Amah (Arabic)|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾAmah}}]] ({{lang|ar|أمة}}) (for female)
: Servant or worshipper. Muslims consider themselves servants and worshippers of [[God in Islam|God as per Islam]]. Common Muslim names such as Abdullah (Servant of God), Abdul-Malik (Servant of the King), Abdur-Rahmān (Slave of the Most Beneficent), Abdus-Salām (Slave of [the originator of] Peace), Abdur-Rahîm (Slave of the Most Merciful), all refer to [[99 Names of God|names of Allah]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What does Abd mean in Arabic?|url=https://www.quora.com/What-does-Abd-mean-in-Arabic}}</ref>

; [[Adab (behavior)|ʾAdab]] ({{lang|ar|أدب}}) : Traditionally describes good manners, as in etiquette. For example, being courteous is good ʾadab. However, the term can be used very broadly, and the proper translation would be "the proper way to go about something," as in the example, ʾĀdāb al Qitāl, or, "The Proper Ways of Fighting in War," (Qitāl in Arabic means mortal combat) in which the word "etiquette" does not befit the context. A secondary meaning of ʾAdab is "literature".<ref>{{Cite web|title=ADAB ii. Adab in Arabic Literature|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/adab-ii-arabic-lit}}</ref>
; [[Adhan|ʾAdhān]] ({{lang|ar|أذان}}) : call to [[salat]] (prayer), sometimes alternatively spelled and pronounced Azaan, Athaan and Adhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meaning of azan|url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/azan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616105513/https://www.lexico.com/definition/azan|archive-date=June 16, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
; [[Adl|ʿAdl]] ({{lang|ar|عدل}}) : [[justice]], especially [[distributive justice]]: [[social justice|social]], [[Islamic economics|economic]], [[ijma|political]], [[Hima (environmental protection)|proprietary]].
; [[Hijri year|AH]] ({{lang|ar|هجرية}}): ''Anno Hegirae'' The Islamic calendar starts counting years starting from the time when Muhammad had to leave Mecca and go to Medina, an event known as the [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]]. The first day of the first Islamic year is 1 [[Muharram|Muḥarram]] 1 (AH) and corresponds to 16 July 622 ([[Common Era|CE]]).
; [[Names of God in Islam|ʾAḥad]] ({{lang|ar|أحد}}): literally "one." Islamically, ahad means One Alone, unique, none like God. Al-Ahad is one of the names of God.
; [[Ahkam|ʾAḥkām]] ({{lang|ar|أحكام}}): These are rulings and orders of the Qu'ran and Sunnah. A single ruling is called a [[#H|Ḥukm]]. Five kinds of orders: [[Wajib]] or [[Fard]] (obligatory), [[Mustahab]] (preferred and recommended), [[Halal]] or [[Mubah]] (permissible), [[Makruh]] (disliked and not recommended), and [[Haram]] (forbidden)
; [[Ahl al Bayt|ʾAhl al-Bayt]] ({{Lang|ar|أهل البيت}}): members of [[Muhammad]]'s Household. Also known among Shia as the Maʿṣūmūn ({{lang|ar|معصومون}}) (infallibles; spiritually pure).
; [[Ahl al-Fatrah|ʾAhl al-Fatrah]] ({{lang|ar|أهل الفطرة}}): people who live in ignorance of the teachings of a revealed religion, but according to the "Fitra", the "Natural Religion" innate to human nature as created by God.
; [[People of the Book|ʾAhl al-Kitāb]] ({{lang|ar| أهل الكتاب}}) : "People of the Book", or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of [[sacred text|scripture]] believed to be of divine origin which were mentioned in Quran: [[Judaism|Jews]], [[Christianity|Christians]].
; [[Akhirah|ʾĀkhirah]] ({{lang|ar|الآخرة}}) : [[hereafter]] or eternal life
; [[Akhlaq|ʾAkhlāq]] ({{lang|ar|أخلاق}}) : The practice of virtue. Morals.
; Al-ʾIkhlāṣ ({{lang|ar|الإخلاص}}) : Sincerity and genuineness in religious beliefs.
; Al-Bir ({{lang|ar|البّر}}) : Piety and righteousness and every act of obedience to [[Allah]].
; {{Transliteration|sem|ʿĀlamīn}} ({{lang|ar|عالمين}}) : Literally "worlds", humankind, jinn, angels and all that exists.
; [[Al Hijr (Kaaba)]] ({{lang|ar|الكعبة}}): A semi-circular wall north-west of Kaaba.
; ʿalayhi -s-salām ({{lang|ar|عليه السلام}}) : "Peace be upon him" This expression normally follows after naming a prophet (other than Muhammad), or one of the noble Angels (i.e. [[Gabriel|Jibreel]] (Gabriel), [[Michael (archangel)|Mika'il]] (Michael), etc.)
; [[Alhamdulillah|{{Transliteration|sem|al-ḥamdu li-llāh}}]] ({{lang|ar|الحمد لله}}) : "Praise be to God!" Qur'anic exclamation and also same meaning as hallelujah.
; [[Allah|Allāh]] ({{lang|ar|الله}}): The name of God according to Islam. Also used as the Arabic word for God in general.
; [[Allahumma|Allāhumma]] ({{lang|ar|اللَّهُمَّ}}) :"O Allah, my Lord" - used in a phrase or salutation, invocations or supplications ([[dua]]).
; [[Allahu Akbar|Allāhu ʾAkbar]] ({{lang|ar|أكبر}}) : "Allah is [the] greatest". Greater than anything or anyone, imaginable or unimaginable.
; [[Ulama|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿĀlim}}]] ({{lang|ar|عالِم}}) : lit. One who knows. A scholar (in any field of knowledge) ; a [[jurist]] or [[scientist]] (who knows [[science]]) or a [[theology|theologian]] (who knows [[religion]]); similar to [[Japanese language|Japanese]] [[sensei]], "teacher".
; [[Aman (Islam)|''Amān'']], lit. 'safety, protection, safe conduct'
; [[Amanah (disambiguation)|ʾAmānah]] ({{lang|ar|أمانة}}): the trust. Of all creation, only human beings & [[jinns]] carry the "trust", which is free will.
; [[Ameen|ʾĀmīn]] ({{lang|ar|آمين}}): [[Amen]].
; [[Amir al-Muminin|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾAmīr ul-Muʾminīn}}]] ({{lang|ar|المؤمنين}}) : "Commander of the Faithful" Historically the title of the Caliph. In some modern countries like [[Morocco]], a ''{{Transliteration|sem|ʾAmīr ul-Muʾminīn}}'' or Commander of the faithful is the religious chief.
; [[Aminah bint Wahb|ʾĀminah]] ({{lang|ar|آمنة}}) : Muhammad's mother. Aminah fell sick and died in [[Al-Abwa|Abwa]], near [[Medina|Madina]] (then [[Yathrib]]) when Muhammad was six years old.
; [[Enjoin what is good and forbid what is wrong|Al-ʾAmr Bi'l Maʿrūf]] ({{lang|ar|بالمعروف}}) : Islamic doctrine of enjoining right. There exists in Islam the (obligatory) principle of encouraging other people to do the right thing.
; ʾAnfāl ({{lang|ar|أنفال}}): Spoils of war. (See [[Al-Anfal|Sūrat al-ʾAnfāl]] (8:1)) ({{lang|ar|الأنفال}})<ref>[http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=8&verse=1 Sūrat al-ʾAnfāl] corpus.quran.com</ref>
; [[Ansar (Islam)|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾAnṣār}}]] ({{lang|ar|أنصار}}): "Helpers." The Muslim converts at Medina who helped the Muslims from Mecca after the Hijrah.
; [[Aqidah|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿAqīdah}}]] ({{lang|ar|عقيدة}}) : Article of faith, tenet, creed, or dogma.
; [[Aqiqah|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿAqīqah}}]] ({{lang|ar|عقيقة}}) : Islamic practice of shaving the head of the newborn male and contributing the weight in silver for charity as well as 2 lambs.
; [['Aql|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿAql}}]] ({{lang|ar|عقل}}): Intelligence, intellect, mind, understanding
; [[Five Pillars of Islam|ʾArkān]] singular [[Five Pillars of Islam|rukn]] ({{lang|ar|ركن/أركان}}) : The five [[rukn]] "pillars" of Islam. (See [[rukn]])
; A.S. (ʿAlayhi s-salām) ({{lang|ar|السلام}}): This acronym evokes a blessing and is appended to the names of the prophets who came before Muhammad. It will also be applied to the mothers of those prophets. When following a woman's name, the feminine form is ʿAlayha s-salām.
; aṣaḥḥ: [[Arabic elative term]], “more correct.” Used by Muslim scholars to introduce their own view while not entirely dismissing that of others.<ref>[[Reynolds, GS]] ''Introduction: Qur’anic studies and its controversies''</ref>
; ʾAṣl ({{lang|ar|أصل}}) (pl. ʾuṣūl) : Root, origin, source; principle.
; [[Aslim Taslam|ʾaslim taslam]] ({{lang|ar|أسلِم تسلَم}}): "Submit to Islam" (See [[dawah]])
; [[99 Names of God|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾAsmāʾ Allāh al-Ḥusnā}}]] ({{lang|ar|الحسنى}}): List of God's 99 names. According to a hadith, the one who enumerates them all will enter Paradise.
; [[Asr|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿAṣr}}]] ({{lang|ar|العصر}}): The third salat prayer. The time of the day before sunset and after noon. Also means "era".
; [[Ṣirāṭ|{{Transliteration|sem|Aṣ-Ṣirāṭ}}]] ({{lang|ar|الصراط}}) : The bridge by crossing which it is determined (judged) whether a person would go to heaven or hell. How a person crosses the Sirat depends on what they have done in their life and what they have believed in.
; [[al-Asharatu Mubashsharun|al-ʿAsharatu Mubashsharun bil-Jannah]] or just '''ʿAsharatu Mubashsharah''' ({{langx|ar|العشرة المبشّرون بالجنة|ʿAsharatu l-mubashshirūn}} or {{langx|ar|عشرة المبشّر|Asharatul-mubashshirūna bil Jannah|links=no}}): The ten companions of Muhammad who were promised paradise (only in [[Sunni Islam]])
; [[Day of Ashurah|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿĀshūrāʾ}}]] ({{lang|ar|عاشوراء}}) : Tenth day of the month of [[Muharram]]. It is the day God saved Moses and the children of Israel from the Pharaoh. The grandson of Muhammad, Imam Hussayn sacrificed his life along with 72 of his companions on the sand dunes of [[Karbala]]. Sunni Scholars recommended to fast during this day. To the Shias, it is also a day on which they mourn the death of the third [[Shia Imam]], [[Husayn ibn Ali]], along with his family and companions, who were killed in the famous battle in [[Karbala]]. They cry and weep and organize lamentating programmes where they not only learn how to live a proper Islamic life and improve their Spiritual Self but also cry at the end of the ritual to show their true love and faith towards imam Hussayn.
; [[As-Salamu Alaykum|{{Transliteration|sem|As-Salāmu ʿAlaykum}}]] (السلام عليكم): The Islamic greeting; literally "Peace be upon you"; In addition, ''{{Transliteration|sem|wa-Raḥmatullāhi wa-Barakātuhu}}'' ({{lang|ar|وبركاته}}) means "and the Mercy of God and His blessing". The response to this greeting is ''{{Transliteration|sem|wa-ʿAlaykum as-Salām wa-Raḥmatullāhi wa-Barakātuhu}}'' ({{lang|ar|وبركاته}}) --"And on you be the Peace and Mercy of God and His Blessing".
; [[Astaghfirullah|ʾAstaghfir allāh]] ({{lang|ar|أستغفر الله}}): "I seek forgiveness from God." Islamic expression.
; Aʿudhu billah ({{lang|ar|بالله}}''ʾAʿūdhu billāh''): "I seek refuge in God". This is a paraphrase on the beginnings of the two last suras in the Qur'an.
; [[Awliya'|{{Transliteration|sem|ʾAwliyāʾ}}]] ({{lang|ar|أولياء}}): Friends, protectors, helpers, caretaker, maintainer. (singular: wali)
; [[Awrah|{{Transliteration|sem|ʿAwrah}}]] ({{lang|ar|عورة}}) : The parts of the body, male or female, must be covered in public but not between spouses, such as, body parts must be concealed of a woman before non-related men.(Non-related men means those she can marry lawfully).
; [[Ayah|ʾĀyah]] ({{lang|ar|آية}}), plural ʾāyāt ({{lang|ar|آيات}}) : A sign. More specifically, a verse in the Qur'an.
; ''[[Ayatollah|Āyatullāh]]'' ({{lang|ar|آية الله}}, also spelled ''Ayatollah''): ''Sign of God'' Title given to highly ranked religious scholars in [[Sh'ia]] sect. 
; [[Azazil|Azāzīl]]: a name of Iblīs (Satan) in his role as a [[fallen angel]]. (Potentially etymologically related to ''Azazel'' from the Apocalypse of Abraham).