Editing Glencoe, Illinois (section)

==History==
Opinions differ about the origins of the village's name. Some attribute it to an early resident, Matthew Coe. Others say it is named for the area of [[Scotland]] of the same name. It developed in the late 19th century around a railroad stop. Former Chicago mayor [[Walter S. Gurnee]] had become president of the line connecting Chicago and Milwaukee, and often bought up and developed land around railroad stops. Thus, one historian believes the name derives from the maiden name of Gurnee's wife, since Gurnee bought the land in 1867 and began subdivision, although financial problems prevented him from building a home there and he returned to New York for his final years.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/518.html Glencoe, IL<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The village's first seal was based on the seal of [[Glencoe, Highland|Glencoe]], Scotland.<ref name=history>Suzanne Weiss, [http://www.villageofglencoe.org/about/history/short_history.aspx Glencoe's History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502213506/http://www.villageofglencoe.org/about/history/short_history.aspx |date=May 2, 2014 }}, VillageofGlencoe.org.</ref>

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many elegant homes were built in Glencoe. Most notably, the village is home to the world's third largest collection of [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] structures:  the Ravine Bluff subdivision contains seven houses, a concrete bridge and three sculptural markers.  There are also two larger, individually built homes, located nearby Ravine Bluffs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aaslh.org/wright-in-glencoe/ | title=Wright in Glencoe | date=January 9, 2017 }}</ref> In addition to Wright, there are houses designed by [[Howard Van Doren Shaw]], [[David Adler (architect)|David Adler]], [[Robert Seyfarth|Robert E. Seyfarth]] and [[George Washington Maher]], [[Marshall and Fox|Benjamin Marshall]], among others. [[Writers Theatre|Writers Theater]] was designed by [[Jeanne Gang]].

Glencoe has had an African American population since almost immediately after the Village's 1869 incorporation.[Images of America, Glencoe Illinois, Ellen Kettler Paseltiner and Ellen Schubert for the Glencoe Historical Society p.&nbsp;8]. Many in the Black and Italian community lived within a five-square block area near what is now Vernon Avenue from Washington to Jackson streets.  Homes in this area were close together in accordance with the city planner's 20-foot wide alleys. In 1920 the city of Glencoe condemned these properties to clear land for a park.[Glencoe Historical Society Exhibition]

In 1920 the African American community in Glencoe grew to 676 residents. The African American population in 1930 numbered 313 members and 176 in the 2000 census.<ref name="therecordnorthshore.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.therecordnorthshore.org/2022/10/05/glencoe-black-heritage-opens-up-on-the-good-and-bad-racial-past-of-the-community/
 |title=Glencoe Black Heritage opens up on the good and bad racial past of the community |date=October 5, 2022 |access-date=September 3, 2023 }}</ref>

Homer Wilson was the first Black property owner in Glencoe. He went on to mortgage his home to found the St. Paul AME Church which is still active  in Glencoe under the leadership of Katrese Kirk McKenzie. Glencoe beaches were not integrated until 1942 when a court injunction allowed the sale of beach passes for the (formerly white-only) Park Avenue beach to the family that requested them, A.L. Foster, his wife, Mildred and their two sons who lived at 379 Jefferson.<ref name="therecordnorthshore.org"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://las.depaul.edu/centers-and-institutes/chaddick-institute-for-metropolitan-development/programs/mdrn/Documents/Glencoe_Residential_Design_Guidelines.pdf |title=Glencoe Residential Guidelines|date=2006 |access-date=September 3, 2023 }}</ref>

[[File:Glencoe Metra Station 20120722.jpg|thumbnail|left|Glencoe Metra Station in 2012]] Glencoe has a Village Manager form of government. It had one of the first public safety departments (combined police/fire/paramedic). In 1921 Glencoe adopted the first zoning code in Illinois. Its land-use plan, adopted in 1940, has been adhered to with minor changes since then. For example, eminent domain law was used to condemn homes of the Black and Italian residents to make way for a new park next to South School.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/glencoe/ct-gln-black-heritage-exhibit-tl-0929-20220927-5tweww3zqzcsxly4sxra37z5ka-story.html | title=Glencoe Historical Society explores history, experience of village's Black residents | website=[[Chicago Tribune]] | date=September 27, 2022 }}</ref> The allowed uses outlined on the 1940 zoning map is predominantly a single-family residential area, with no industrial uses. It has a small cohesive [[central business district]] that provides most basic services, including post office, library, [[Village hall|Village Hall]], performing arts theatre, [[Glencoe (Metra station)|train station]] (to Chicago), and other shopping needs.