Editing Glasgow (section)

==Etymology and heraldry==
{{main|Coat of arms of Glasgow}}

The name Glasgow is [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic]] in origin. The first element ''glas'', meaning "grey-green, grey-blue" both in [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic]], [[Scottish Gaelic]] and modern day [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and the second ''*cöü'', "hollow" (cf. [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''glas-cau''),<ref name="bliton">{{cite web |last1=James |first1=Alan |title=A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence |url=https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf |website=SPNS – The Brittonic Language in the Old North |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307061257/https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> giving a meaning of "green-hollow".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glaschu.net/placenames-project-university-of-glasgow/ |title=Glaschu |website=Glaschu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801031412/https://glaschu.net/placenames-project-university-of-glasgow/ |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> It is often said that the name means "dear green place" or that "dear green place" is a translation from Gaelic ''Glas Caomh''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Our Dear Green Place |url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=42440&p=0 |website=glasgow.gov.uk |publisher=Glasgow City Council |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124010832/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=42440&p=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> "The dear green place" remains an affectionate way of referring to the city. The modern Gaelic is ''Glaschu'' and derived from the same roots as the Brittonic.

The settlement may have an earlier Brittonic name, '''Cathures'''; the modern name appears for the first time in the Gaelic period (1116), as ''Glasgu''.{{cn|date=March 2025}} It is also recorded that the [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|King of Strathclyde]], [[Rhydderch Hael]], welcomed Saint Kentigern (also known as [[Saint Mungo]]), and procured his consecration as bishop about 540. For some thirteen years Kentigern laboured in the region, building his church at the [[Molendinar Burn]] where [[Glasgow Cathedral]] now stands, and making many converts. A large community developed around him and became known as ''Glasgu''. The [[coat of arms]] of the City of Glasgow was granted to the [[royal burgh]] by the [[Lord Lyon King of Arms|Lord Lyon]] on 25 October 1866.<ref>Urquhart, R.M. (1973) ''Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry''. London. Heraldry Today. {{ISBN|978-0900455247}}.</ref> It incorporates a number of symbols and emblems associated with the life of Glasgow's patron saint, Mungo, which had been used on official seals prior to that date. The emblems represent miracles supposed to have been performed by Mungo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=17325 |title=The City Crest |website=Glasgow City Council |access-date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923235309/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=17325 |archive-date=23 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and are listed in the traditional rhyme:
::::''Here's the bird that never flew''
::::''Here's the tree that never grew''
::::''Here's the bell that never rang''
::::''Here's the fish that never swam''

St Mungo is also said to have preached a sermon containing the words ''Lord, Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word and the praising of thy name''. This was abbreviated to "Let Glasgow Flourish" and adopted as the city's motto. In 1450, John Stewart, the first [[Lord Provost]] of Glasgow, left an endowment so that a "St Mungo's Bell" could be made and tolled throughout the city so that the citizens would pray for his soul. A new bell was purchased by the magistrates in 1641 and that bell is still on display in the [[People's Palace, Glasgow|People's Palace]] Museum, near [[Glasgow Green]]. The supporters are two salmon bearing rings, and the crest is a half-length figure of Saint Mungo. He wears a bishop's mitre and liturgical vestments and has his hand raised in "the act of [[benediction]]". The original 1866 grant placed the crest atop a helm, but this was removed in subsequent grants. The current version (1996) has a gold [[mural crown]] between the shield and the crest. This form of coronet, resembling an embattled city wall, was allowed to the four area councils with city status.

The arms were re-matriculated by the City of [[Glasgow District Council]] on 6 February 1975, and by the present area council on 25 March 1996. The only change made on each occasion was in the type of coronet over the arms.<ref>Urquhart, R.M. (1979). ''Scottish Civic Heraldry''. London. Heraldry Today. {{ISBN|978-0900455261}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Urquhart |first=R.M. |title=Scottish Civic Heraldry |publisher=School Library Association |location=Swindon |year=2001 |orig-year=1979 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0900649233}}</ref>