Editing Giacomo Puccini (section)

==Family and education==
[[File:Lucca, palazzo della casa natale di giacomo puccini, 01.jpg|thumb|upright|Puccini's birthplace in the Corte San Lorenzo, [[Lucca]]; the building presently houses a museum dedicated to his life and œuvre]]

Born in [[Lucca]] in the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], in 1858; he was the sixth of nine children of Michele Puccini (1813–1864) and Albina Magi (1830–1884). The Puccini family was established in Lucca as a local musical dynasty by Puccini's great-great-grandfather – also named [[Jacopo Puccini|Giacomo]] (1712–1781).<ref name="Dry">{{harvnb|Dry|1905|p={{page needed|date=April 2020}}}}</ref><ref name="Puccini-it-Cathedral">{{cite web |title=Cattedrale di S. Martino |url=http://www.puccini.it/index.php?id=290 |access-date=3 November 2012 |publisher=Centro di Studi Giacomo Puccini}}</ref> This first Giacomo Puccini, though often referred to as Jacopo, was ''maestro di cappella'' of the [[Lucca Cathedral|Cattedrale di San Martino]] in Lucca.<ref name="Gervasoni">{{harvnb|Gervasoni|1812|pages=240–241}}</ref> He was succeeded in this position by his son, Antonio Puccini,<ref name="Gervasoni" /> and then by Antonio's son [[Domenico Puccini|Domenico]], and then his son, Michele.<ref name="Dry" /> Each Puccini studied music at Bologna, and some took additional musical studies elsewhere.<ref name="Dry" /><ref name="Gervasoni" /> Domenico Puccini studied for a time under [[Giovanni Paisiello]].<ref name="Dry" /> Each composed music for the church. In addition, Domenico composed several operas, and Michele composed one opera.<ref name="Dry" /> Puccini's father Michele enjoyed a reputation throughout northern Italy, and his funeral was an occasion of public mourning, at which the then-famed composer [[Giovanni Pacini]] conducted a Requiem.{{sfn|Streatfeild|1895|page=269}}

With the Puccini family having occupied the position of ''maestro di cappella'' for 124 years (1740–1864) by the time of Michele's death, it was anticipated that Michele's son Giacomo would occupy that position as well when he was old enough.<ref name="Puccini-it-Cathedral" /> However, when Michele Puccini died in 1864, Giacomo was only six years old and thus incapable of assuming his father's post.<ref name="Dry" /> As a child, he nevertheless participated in the musical life of the Cattedrale di San Martino, as a member of the boys' choir, and later as a substitute organist.<ref name="Puccini-it-Cathedral" />

Puccini received a general education at the San Michele seminary in Lucca, and then at the seminary of the cathedral.<ref name="Dry" /> One of Puccini's uncles, Fortunato Magi, supervised his musical education. In 1880 Puccini achieved a diploma from Lucca's Pacini School of Music, having studied there with Magi, and later with Carlo Angeloni, who had also instructed [[Alfredo Catalani]]. A grant from [[Margherita of Savoy|Queen Margherita]], and assistance from another uncle, Nicholas Cerù, provided the funds necessary for Puccini to continue his studies at the [[Milan Conservatory]] for a further three years;<ref name="Dry" /><ref name="Streatfeild">{{cite book |last=Streatfeild |first=R. A. |author-link=R A Streatfeild |title=The Opera |publisher=John C. Nimmo |year=1897 |location=London}}</ref> there, he studied composition with [[Stefano Ronchetti-Monteviti]], [[Amilcare Ponchielli]], [[Amintore Galli]],<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Di Cesare |first=Maria Carmela |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/amintore-galli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |title=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |year=1998 |volume=51 |language=it-IT |trans-title=Biographical Dictionary of Italians |chapter=Galli, Amintore |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref> and [[Antonio Bazzini]]. He shared his dorm with [[Pietro Mascagni]]. Later that year, Puccini composed his ''[[Messa (Puccini)|Mass]]'', marking the culmination of his family's long association with [[church music|liturgical music]] in his native Lucca.{{refn|Although Puccini himself correctly titled the work a ''Messa'', referring to a setting of the Ordinary of the [[Catholic Mass]], today the work is popularly known as his ''Messa di Gloria'', a name that technically refers to a setting of only the first two prayers of the Ordinary, the [[Kyrie]] and the [[Gloria in Excelsis Deo|Gloria]], while omitting the [[Credo]], the [[Sanctus]], and the [[Agnus Dei (music)|Agnus Dei]].|group=n}}