Editing Gerard Manley Hopkins (section)

==Early life and family==
Gerard Manley Hopkins was born in [[Stratford, London|Stratford]], [[South Essex (UK Parliament constituency)|Essex]]<ref Name="Gardnerxvi">Gardner, W. H. (1963), ''Gerard Manley Hopkins: Poems and Prose'' Penguin, p. xvi.</ref> (now in [[Greater London]]), as the eldest of probably nine children to Manley and Catherine Hopkins, née Smith.<!---websites give various numbers of siblings. The ''ODNB'' says nine. Please do not change this before discussing on talk page.---><ref>{{cite book|first=Norman |last=White|chapter=Hopkins, Gerard Manley (1844–1889)|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher= Oxford University Press}}</ref> He was christened at the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] church of [[St John's Church, Stratford|St John's, Stratford]]. His father founded a marine insurance firm and at one time served as Hawaiian [[consul (representative)#Consulates and embassies|consul-general]] in London. He was also for a time [[churchwarden]] at [[St John-at-Hampstead]]. His grandfather was the physician John Simm Smith, a university colleague of [[John Keats]], and close friend of the eccentric philanthropist [[Ann Thwaytes]]. One of his uncles was [[Charles Gordon Hopkins]], a politician of the [[Hawaiian Kingdom]], and he was a first cousin of the writer, historian and suffragette [[Isabel Giberne Sieveking]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feeney |first=Joseph J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOSqCwAAQBAJ&dq=Isabel+Giberne+Sieveking&pg=PA37 |title=The Playfulness of Gerard Manley Hopkins |date=2016-03-03 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-02119-3 |pages=37 |language=en}}</ref>

As a poet, Hopkins's father published works including ''A Philosopher's Stone and Other Poems'' (1843), ''Pietas Metrica'' (1849), and ''Spicelegium Poeticum, A Gathering of Verses by Manley Hopkins'' (1892). He reviewed poetry for ''[[The Times]]'' and wrote one novel. Catherine (Smith) Hopkins was the daughter of a London physician, particularly fond of music and of reading, especially [[German philosophy]], literature and the novels of [[Dickens]]. Both parents were deeply religious [[high-church]] Anglicans. Catherine's sister, Maria Smith Giberne, taught her nephew Gerard to sketch. The interest was supported by his uncle, Edward Smith, his great-uncle [[Richard James Lane]], a professional artist, and other family members.<ref Name="Gardnerxvi"/> Hopkins's initial ambition was to be a painter – he would continue to sketch throughout his life and was inspired as an adult by the work of [[John Ruskin]] and the [[Pre-Raphaelites]].<ref Name="Gardnerxvi"/><ref name="PF">{{Cite web| url = http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=81375| title = Poetry Foundation Biography Poetry Foundation. Accessed 18 March 2010.| date = 3 November 2022}}</ref>

Hopkins became a skilled draughtsman. He found his early training in visual art supported his later work as a poet.<ref Name="Gardnerxvi"/> His siblings drew a lot of inspiration from literature, religion, and the arts. In 1878, Milicent (1849–1946) enrolled in an Anglican sisterhood. Kate (1856–1933) would help Hopkins publish the first edition of his poetry. Hopkins's youngest sister Grace (1857–1945) set many of his poems to music. [[Lionel Charles Hopkins|Lionel]] (1854–1952) became a world-famous expert on archaic and colloquial Chinese. Arthur (1848–1930) and Everard (1860–1928) were highly successful artists. Cyril (1846–1932) would join his father's insurance firm.<ref name="PF"/>

[[File:Young Gerard Manley Hopkins.jpg|thumb|right|Hopkins, painted 24 July 1866]]
Manley Hopkins moved his family to Hampstead in 1852, near where [[John Keats]] had lived 30 years before and close to the green spaces of [[Hampstead Heath]]. When he was ten years old, Gerard was sent to board at [[Highgate School]] (1854–1863).<ref Name="Gardnerxvi"/> While studying Keats's poetry, he wrote "The Escorial" (1860), his earliest extant poem. Here he practised early attempts at asceticism. He once argued that most people drank more liquids than they really needed and bet that he could go without drinking for a week. He persisted until his tongue was black and he collapsed at drill. On another occasion, he abstained from salt for a week.<ref name="PF"/><ref name="ER">Ruggles, Eleanor (1944), ''Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Life''. Norton.</ref> Among his teachers at Highgate was [[Richard Watson Dixon]], who became an enduring friend and correspondent. Of the older pupils Hopkins recalls in his boarding house, the poet [[Philip Stanhope Worsley]] won the [[Newdigate Prize]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Abbott |first1=Claude Colleer |title=The Correspondence of Gerard Manley Hopkins and Richard Watson Dixon |date=1955 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=1, 6 |edition=2nd}}</ref>