Editing Geothermal desalination (section)

== Process explanation ==
[[Desalination]] is the process of removing minerals from seawater to convert it into fresh water. Desalination is divided into two categories in terms of processes: processes driven by thermal energy and processes driven by mechanical energy.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Goosen |first1=Mattheus |last2=Mahmoudi |first2=Hacene |last3=Ghaffour |first3=Noreddine |date=2010 |title=Water Desalination Using Geothermal Energy |journal=Energies |language=en |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=1423–1442 |doi=10.3390/en3081423 |issn=1996-1073|doi-access=free |hdl=10754/334614 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Geothermal desalination uses geothermal energy as the thermal energy source to drive the desalination process.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thermal Desalination - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/thermal-desalination |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref>

There are two types of geothermal desalination: direct and indirect.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Direct geothermal desalination heats seawater to boiling in an evaporator, then transferring to a condenser.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=El-Dessouky |first1=H. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqssS2EMBU4C&dq=water+desalination&pg=PP1 |title=Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination |last2=Ettouney |first2=H. M. |date=2002-03-20 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-053212-7 |language=en}}</ref> In contrast, indirect geothermal desalination converts geothermal energy into electricity which is then used for membrane desalination.<ref name=":4" /> If the geothermal energy is used indirectly, it can be used to generate power for the water desalination process, as well as excess electricity that can be used for consumers.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Esmaeilion |first1=Farbod |last2=Ahmadi |first2=Abolfazl |last3=Hoseinzadeh |first3=Siamak |last4=Aliehyaei |first4=Mehdi |last5=Makkeh |first5=Seyed Ali |last6=Astiaso Garcia |first6=Davide |date=2021-11-02 |title=Renewable energy desalination; a sustainable approach for water scarcity in arid lands |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1948143 |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Engineering |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=1916–1942 |doi=10.1080/19397038.2021.1948143 |s2cid=237711418 |issn=1939-7038}}</ref> Similarly, if the geothermal energy is used directly, the excess geothermal energy can be used to drive heating and cooling processes.<ref name=":5" />