Editing Geography of the Netherlands (section)

== Statistics ==
'''Geographic coordinates''': {{coord|52|22|N|4|53|E|type:country}}

The Dutch RD coordinate system (''Rijksdriehoeksmeting'') is also in common use.<ref>[https://www.kadaster.nl/zakelijk/registraties/basisregistraties/rijksdriehoeksmeting/rijksdriehoeksstelsel RD at Kadaster.nl] (in Dutch)</ref> For transformation to and from geographical coordinates there is an official procedure RDNAPTRANS™<ref>[https://www.nsgi.nl/rdnaptrans NSGI.nl (in Dutch)]</ref> and approximate as well as precise<ref>[https://geopinie.nl/transform/rdnap_etrs89_transformation Geopinie.nl]</ref> tools available. The west–east coordinate is between 0 and 280&nbsp;km, and the south–north coordinate between 300 and 620&nbsp;km.

The central point is the ''[[Onze Lieve Vrouwetoren|Onze-Lieve-Vrouwentoren]]'' (Our Lady's Tower) in [[Amersfoort]], with RD coordinates (155,000.00, 463,000.00 m) and geographic coordinates approximately {{coord|52|9|N|5|23|E|}}.

'''Area:'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|title=Error|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113200643/http://www.waarstaatjeprovincie.nl/Paginas/Ruimtelijke%20ordening/Oppervlakte.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<br />''total:'' {{convert|41545|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
<br />''land:'' {{convert|33481|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} 
<br />''water:'' {{convert|8064|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}

'''Land boundaries:'''
<br />''total:'' {{convert|1027|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} 
<br />''border countries:''

*[[Belgium]] {{convert|450|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
*[[Germany]] {{convert|577|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}

'''Coastline:''' {{convert|451|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}

'''Maritime claims:'''
<br />''territorial sea:'' {{convert|12|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on}}
<br />''contiguous zone:'' {{convert|24|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on}}
<br />''[[exclusive economic zone]]:'' {{convert|154,011|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} with {{convert|200|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on|lk=in}}

'''Climate:''' [[temperate]]; marine; cool summers and mild winters (European mainland), tropical (Caribbean islands)

'''Terrain:''' mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land ([[polder]]s); some hills in southeast
[[File:Hypsometric curve of the Netherlands.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Hypsometric curve]] of the Netherlands in Europe. The land is unusually low and significant portions lie below mean [[sea level]].]]
'''Elevation extremes:'''
<br />''lowest point:'' Zuidplaspolder ([[Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel]]) {{convert|-7|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ''below'' sea level.
<br />''highest point on European mainland:'' [[Vaalserberg]] {{convert|322.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.
<br />''highest point (including the Caribbean islands):'' [[Mount Scenery]] on [[Saba (island)|Saba]] {{convert|887|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.

'''Natural resources:''' [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], [[peat]], [[limestone]], [[iodised salt]], sand and gravel, [[arable land]]

'''Land use:''' (2011)
<br />''arable land:'' 25.08%
<br />''permanent crops:'' 0.88%
<br />''other:'' 74.04%

'''Irrigated land''' (2007): {{convert|4572|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}

'''Total renewable water resources''' (2011): {{convert|91|km3|cumi|0|abbr=on}}

[[File:Nordholland SchoorlAnZee 2004 022a.jpg|thumb|The coastal dunes are vital to the existence of areas of the Netherlands.]]

'''Natural hazards:''' flooding by sea and rivers is a constant danger. The extensive system of dikes, dams, and sand dunes protect nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded during the heavy autumn storms from the north-west.

'''Environment – current issues:''' [[water pollution]] in the form of [[heavy metals]], organic compounds, and fertilisers such as [[nitrates]] and [[phosphates]]; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; [[acid rain]]

'''Environment – international agreements:'''
<br />''party to:''
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, [[Kyoto Protocol|Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]], [[Desertification]], Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
<br />''signed, but not ratified:''
none