Editing Geography of Indonesia (section)

==Overview==
{{main|Indonesian Archipelago|List of islands of Indonesia}}
Indonesia is an archipelagic country extending about {{convert|5120|km|0}} from east to west and {{convert|1760|km|0}} from north to south.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Frederick|first1=William H. |last2=Worden |first2=Robert L. |title=Indonesia: A Country Study |series=Area Handbook Series |volume=550 |date=1993 |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dgmXWMgWcwC&pg=PA98 |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |language=en|isbn=9780844407906 }}</ref> It is considered to be the largest archipelagic country in the world. According to a geospatial survey conducted between 2007 and 2010 by [[Badan Informasi Geospasial|National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping]] (Bakosurtanal), Indonesia has 17,500 islands.<ref name="NG-Indonesia-Island">{{cite news| title = Hanya ada 13.466 Pulau di Indonesia| date = 8 February 2012 | work = National Geographic Indonesia |url=https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13281675/hanya-ada-13466-pulau-di-indonesia | language=id}}</ref> While earlier survey conducted in 2002 by [[National Institute of Aeronautics and Space]] (LAPAN) stated Indonesia has 18,307 islands. According to the CIA World Factbook, there are 17,508 islands.<ref name="CIA">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/ CIA World Factbook]</ref> The discrepancy between the surveys is likely caused by the earlier different survey method including [[tide|tidal]] islands, sandy [[cay]]s and rocky [[reef]]s that surface during low tide and submerge during high tide. There are 8,844 named islands according to estimates made by the [[Politics of Indonesia|government of Indonesia]], with 922 of those being permanent. It comprises five main islands: [[Sumatra]], [[Java (island)|Java]], [[Borneo]] (known as ''[[Kalimantan]]'' in Indonesia), [[Sulawesi]], and [[New Guinea]]; two major island groups ([[Nusa Tenggara]] and the [[Maluku Islands]]) and sixty smaller island groups. Four of the islands are shared with other countries: Borneo is shared with [[Malaysia]] and [[Brunei]]; [[Sebatik]], located off the northeastern coast of Kalimantan, shared with Malaysia; [[Timor]] is shared with [[East Timor]]; and [[New Guinea]] is shared with [[Papua New Guinea]].

Indonesia has total land area of {{convert|1904569|km2|0}}, including {{convert|93000|km2|0}} of inland seas ([[strait]]s, [[bay]]s, and other bodies of water). This makes it the largest [[List of island countries|island country]] in the world.<ref name="world-atlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html |title=Island Countries of the World |publisher=WorldAtlas.com |access-date=2019-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207094959/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html | archive-date=2017-12-07}}</ref> The additional surrounding sea areas bring Indonesia's generally recognised territory (land and sea) to about 5 million km<sup>2</sup>. The government claims an [[Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia|exclusive economic zone]] of {{convert|6159032|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. This brings the total area to about 7.9 million km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E5NafsG5RiEC&q=Indonesia+land+sea+total+area&pg=PA99|title=Prevention and Compensation of Marine Pollution Damage: Recent Developments in Europe, China and the US|last=Faure|first=Michael G.|date=2006|publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=9789041123381|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dgmXWMgWcwC&q=Indonesia+total+sea+area&pg=PR32|title=Indonesia: A Country Study|last1=Frederick|first1=William H.|last2=Worden|first2=Robert L.|date=2011|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=9780844407906|language=en}}</ref>

Indonesia is a transcontinental country, where its territory consisted of islands geologically considered as part of either [[Asia]] or [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]. During the [[Pleistocene]], the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] were connected to the Asian mainland while New Guinea was connected to Australia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWnxpAxp6TMC&q=Sundaland+Pleistocene&pg=PA70|title=Encyclopedia of Coastal Science|last=Schwartz|first=Maurice|date=2006-11-08|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781402038808|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u-k1CwAAQBAJ&q=Sundaland+Pleistocene&pg=PA237|title=Geology and Archaeology: Submerged Landscapes of the Continental Shelf|last1=Harff|first1=J.|last2=Bailey|first2=G.|last3=Lüth|first3=F.|date=2016-01-05|publisher=Geological Society of London|isbn=9781862396913|language=en}}</ref> [[Karimata Strait]], [[Java Sea]] and [[Arafura Sea]] were formed as the [[sea level rise|sea level rose]] at the end of the Pleistocene.