Editing Geography of Dominica (section)

==Climate==
The island's [[climate]] is tropical, moderated by northeast [[trade winds]] and heavy [[rain]]fall.

Dominica has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] and some areas bordering on a [[tropical monsoon climate]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Climate in Dominica |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/DM-climate.htm |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=SpainExchange Country Guide |language=en}}</ref> with characteristically warm temperatures and heavy rainfall.<ref name=":0" /> Excessive heat and humidity are tempered somewhat by a steady flow of the northeast trade winds, which periodically develop into hurricanes during the Northern Hemisphere's summer.<ref name=":0" /> The steep interior slopes also alter temperatures and winds.<ref name=":0" /> Because of the moderating effects of the surrounding ocean,{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} temperature ranges are slight.<ref name=":0" /> Average daytime temperatures generally vary from {{convert|26|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|32|°C|1}} in June.<ref name=":0" /> Diurnal ranges are usually no greater than {{convert|3|C-change|1}} in most places, but temperatures dipping to {{convert|13|°C|1}} on the highest peaks are not uncommon.<ref name=":0" />

Most of the island's ample supply of water is brought by the.. trade winds.<ref name=":0" /> Although amounts vary with the location, rain is possible throughout the year, with the greatest monthly totals recorded from June through October.<ref name=":0" /> Average yearly rainfall along the windward east coast frequently exceeds {{convert|5000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, and exposed mountainsides receive up to {{convert|9000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, among the highest accumulations in the world.<ref name=":0" /> Totals on the leeward west coast, however, are only about {{convert|1800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} per year.<ref name=":0" /> Humidities are closely tied to rainfall patterns, with the highest values occurring on windward slopes and the lowest in sheltered areas.<ref name=":0" /> Relative humidity readings between 70 percent and 90 percent have been recorded in Roseau.<ref name=":0" />

Hurricanes and severe winds, most likely to occur during the wettest months, occasionally are devastating.<ref name=":0" /> The most recent hurricane of note was the devastating [[Hurricane Maria]] in 2017.<ref name="debrisfield">{{cite news|author=Gabriel Elizondo|date=September 25, 2017|title=Hurricane Maria turns Dominica into 'giant debris field'|newspaper=Aljazeera|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/small-island-dominica-hit-hardest-hurricane-maria-170925174603370.html|url-status=live|access-date=September 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006213320/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/small-island-dominica-hit-hardest-hurricane-maria-170925174603370.html|archive-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref> On August 17, 2007, [[Hurricane Dean]], a [[Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale|Category 1]] at the time, hit the island. A mother and her seven-year-old son died when a [[landslide]] caused by the heavy rains fell onto their house.<ref name="Forbes Haiti preps">{{cite news|author=Jonathan Katz|date=2007-08-18|title=Hurricane Dean Gains Caribbean Strength|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/08/18/ap4033014.html|access-date=2007-08-18}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In another incident two people were injured when a tree fell on their house.<ref name="cbc_2007-08-17">{{cite web|date=2007-08-17|title=Hurricane claims one life in St. Lucia and possibly two in Dominica|url=http://www.cbc.bb/content/view/12195/45/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828065016/http://www.cbc.bb/content/view/12195/45/|archive-date=2007-08-28|access-date=2007-08-17|publisher=CBC}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Dominica|Prime Minister]] [[Roosevelt Skerrit]] estimated that 100 to 125 homes were damaged, and that the agriculture sector was extensively damaged, in particular the banana crop.<ref name="cbc_2007-08-17_02">{{cite web|date=2007-08-17|title=Dominica Badly Affected|url=http://www.cbc.bb/content/view/12195/45/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828065016/http://www.cbc.bb/content/view/12195/45/|archive-date=2007-08-28|access-date=2007-08-17|publisher=CBC}}</ref> Before that were [[Hurricane David|David]] and [[Hurricane Frederic|Frederic]] in August 1979 and [[Hurricane Allen|Allen]] in August 1980.<ref name=":0" /> The 1979 hurricanes caused over 40 deaths, 2,500 injuries, and extensive destruction of housing and crops.<ref name=":0" /> Many agricultural commodities were destroyed during the 1980 storm, and about 25 percent of the banana crop was destroyed by strong winds in 1984.<ref name=":0" />

Below is the climate data for Roseau, the capital city located on the western side of Dominica partially shielded from the trade winds by the mountains.

{{Weather box
|location = Roseau
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 33
|Feb record high C = 34
|Mar record high C = 36
|Apr record high C = 36
|May record high C = 36
|Jun record high C = 36
|Jul record high C = 35
|Aug record high C = 35
|Sep record high C = 35
|Oct record high C = 37
|Nov record high C = 35
|Dec record high C = 34
|year record high C = 37
|Jan high C = 28.0
|Feb high C = 28.0
|Mar high C = 28.4
|Apr high C = 29.1
|May high C = 29.6
|Jun high C = 30.1
|Jul high C = 30.2
|Aug high C = 30.5
|Sep high C = 30.4
|Oct high C = 29.0
|Nov high C = 29.6
|Dec high C = 28.6
|year high C = 29.3
|Jan mean C = 24.9
|Feb mean C = 24.8
|Mar mean C = 25.1
|Apr mean C = 25.8
|May mean C = 26.6
|Jun mean C = 27.3
|Jul mean C = 27.4
|Aug mean C = 27.4
|Sep mean C = 27.1
|Oct mean C = 26.1
|Nov mean C = 26.2
|Dec mean C = 25.4
|year mean C = 26.2
|Jan low C = 21.8
|Feb low C = 21.6
|Mar low C = 21.8
|Apr low C = 22.5
|May low C = 23.7
|Jun low C = 24.5
|Jul low C = 24.6
|Aug low C = 24.3
|Sep low C = 23.8
|Oct low C = 23.2
|Nov low C = 22.8
|Dec low C = 22.2
|year low C = 23.1
|Jan record low C = 16
|Feb record low C = 16
|Mar record low C = 16
|Apr record low C = 17
|May record low C = 18
|Jun record low C = 20
|Jul record low C = 18
|Aug record low C = 19
|Sep record low C = 18
|Oct record low C = 18
|Nov record low C = 18
|Dec record low C = 17
|year record low C = 16
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 159
|Feb precipitation mm = 107
|Mar precipitation mm = 135
|Apr precipitation mm = 122
|May precipitation mm = 220
|Jun precipitation mm = 162
|Jul precipitation mm = 181
|Aug precipitation mm = 243
|Sep precipitation mm = 298
|Oct precipitation mm = 334
|Nov precipitation mm = 374
|Dec precipitation mm = 240
|year precipitation mm = 2575
|Jan humidity = 71
|Feb humidity = 68
|Mar humidity = 65
|Apr humidity = 64
|May humidity = 64
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 73
|Sep humidity = 71
|Oct humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 74
|Dec humidity = 72
|year humidity = 70
|Jan sun = 198.9
|Feb sun = 200.6
|Mar sun = 227.3
|Apr sun = 244.9
|May sun = 243.2
|Jun sun = 227.7
|Jul sun = 231.2
|Aug sun = 240.4
|Sep sun = 212.2
|Oct sun = 219.5
|Nov sun = 194.0
|Dec sun = 189.5
|year sun = 2629.4
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name= NOAA >{{cite web 
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/DO/78905.TXT
| title = Climate Normals for Melville Hall Airport 1961-1990
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = February 28, 2013}}</ref>
|source 2 = BBC Weather<ref name="weather1">{{cite web
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3575635
| title = Average Conditions Roseau, Dominica
| access-date = February 28, 2013
| publisher = BBC Weather}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}