Editing Galliard (section)

==Dance form==
The ''galliard'' is not an improvised dance, but rather, it consists of choreographed patterns of steps, which occupy one or more measures of music. In one measure, a galliard typically has five steps; in French such a basic step is called a ''cinq pas'' and in Italy, ''cinque passi''. This is sometimes written in English sources as ''sinkapace''. These steps are: right, left, right, left, cadence.

The galliard is an athletic dance, characterised by leaps, jumps, hops and other similar figures. The main feature that defines a galliard step is a large jump, after which the dancer lands with one leg ahead of the other. This jump is called a ''cadence,'' and the final landing is called the ''posture.'' The cadence is typically preceded by three quick hops with alternating feet.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Music Then and Now|last=Kelly|first=Thomas Forrest|author-link=Thomas Forrest Kelly|publisher=Harvard University|year=2012|pages=75}}</ref> The sources generally describe movement patterns starting on the left foot, then repeating it starting with the right foot. <!-- So is the hypermeter in 5 or 6 (with the cadence lasting twice as long as the other of the five steps. Somebody write that in if they know. --> A galliard pattern may also last twice as long, or more, which would involve 11 steps, or 17 steps.

[[Image:Robert Dudley Elizabeth Dancing.jpg|thumb|left|Unknown dancers performing [[lavolta]]. The painting is currently in [[Penshurst Place]] in Kent.]]
The galliard was a favourite dance of Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]], and although it is a relatively vigorous dance, in 1589 when the Queen was aged in her mid-fifties, John Stanhope of the Privy Chamber reported, "the Queen is so well as I assure you, six or seven galliards in a morning, besides music and singing, is her ordinary exercise."<ref name="Brissenden">{{cite book | last=Brissenden | first=Alan | year=1981 | title=Shakespeare and the Dance | url=https://archive.org/details/shakespearedance0000bris | url-access=registration | publisher=Humanities Press |location=Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey| isbn=0-391-01810-8 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/shakespearedance0000bris/page/4 4–5]}}</ref>

While most commonly being an entire dance, the galliard's steps are used within many other forms of dance. For example, 16th-century Italian dances in [[Fabritio Caroso]]'s (1581) and [[Cesare Negri]]'s (1602) dance manuals often have a galliard section.

One special step used during a galliard is [[lavolta]], a step which involves an intimate, close hold between a couple, with the woman being lifted into the air and the couple turning 270 degrees, within one six-beat measure. Lavolta was considered by some dancing masters as an inappropriate dance.

Another special step used during a galliard is the tassel kick ("salto del fiocco"). These steps are found in Negri's manual and involve a galliard step usually (though not always) ending with a spin.  The easier steps involve single spins of 180 or 360 degrees; later, more difficult steps involve multiple sequential spins and spins of up to at least 540 degrees.  During the spin, the dancer kicks out to touch a [[tassel]] suspended between knee and waist height.