Editing Fusarium ear blight (section)

==Causal organism==
Fusarium ear blight is caused by several species of ''[[Fusarium]]'' fungi, belonging to the [[Ascomycota]]. The most common species causing FEB are:<ref name=":0" />
* ''[[Gibberella avenacea|Fusarium avenaceum]]'' ([[Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|teleomorph]]: ''Gibberella avenacea'')
* ''[[Fusarium culmorum]]''
* ''[[Gibberella zeae|Fusarium graminearum]]'' (teleomorph: ''Gibberella zeae'')
* ''[[Fusarium poae]]''
* ''[[Microdochium nivale]]'' (teleomorph: ''Monographella nivalis'', formerly ''Fusarium nivale'')
* ''[[Fusarium tricinctum]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yun |last2=Wang |first2=Ruoyu |last3=Sha |first3=Yuexia |title=Distribution, pathogenicity and disease control of ''Fusarium tricinctum'' |journal=  Frontiers in Microbiology|date=26 July 2022 |volume=13 |page=939927 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2022.939927|pmid=35958126 |pmc=9360978 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
''Fusarium graminearum'' was considered the most important causal organism.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title=Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab|url=http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/Fusarium.aspx|journal=APSnet Feature Articles|doi=10.1094/phi-i-2003-0612-01|year=2003|access-date=2011-12-21|archive-date=2012-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203195337/http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/Fusarium.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
[[File:F.graminearum.JPG|thumb|Macroconidia of ''F''. ''graminearum'']]

''Fusarium'' species causing FEB can produce several types of [[spore]]s. The asexual stage of the fungus produces spores called [[Conidium|macroconidia]]. Some ''Fusarium'' fungi have a more complex life cycle including a [[Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph|sexual stage]], for example ''F. graminearum''. In the sexual stage the fungus produces spores called ascospores. The sexual stage form fruiting bodies called perithecia, in which ascospores are formed in a sac known as an ascus (plural asci).<ref name=":2" /> Some species, including ''F. culmorum,'' produce resistant chlamydospores which can survive for a long time in the soil.