Editing Full metal jacket (ammunition) (section)

== History ==

Despite a widespread belief that the full metal jacket bullet was invented ca. 1882 by Swiss Colonel [[Eduard Rubin]] while he was working for the Swiss Federal Ammunition Factory and Research Center,<ref name="auto">{{cite book |title=Military Rifle and Machine Gun Cartridges |last= Huon |first= Jean |year= 1988 |publisher=Ironside International |location=Alexandria, Va. |isbn= 0-935554-05-X |oclc=24498827 }}</ref><ref name="swissrifles.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.swissrifles.com/ammo/ |title=Swiss Handguns 1882 }}</ref><ref name="findarticles.com">{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_11_54/ai_n28573712/ |title=The model 1911 Schmidt Rubin: the other Switzer |author=Holt Bobinson |via=FindArticles.com - CBS Interactive |work=Guns Magazine |date=November 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715102410/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_11_54/ai_n28573712/ |archive-date=2012-07-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wj4UdDGBbYwC&pg=PA450 |url-status=dead |title=The Gun Digest Book of Firearms Assembly/Disassembly: Centerfire Rifles, Volume 4 |last=Wood |first=J. B. |date=2003 |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=0873496310 |edition=2nd |location=Iola, WI |oclc=52359378 |access-date=2015-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507011339/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wj4UdDGBbYwC&pg=PA450 |archive-date=2016-05-07 }}</ref> in fact it was known already in the 1880s that the actual inventor was Prussian Major (later Lt.-Col.) {{Ill|Julius Emil Bode|es|Emil Bode}} (1835-1885), who came up with the idea either in 1875 or 1876.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mejhyb6HGS4C&pg=PA353 |title=Archiv für die Artillerie- und Ingenieur-Offiziere des deutschen Reichsheeres |date=1885 |publisher=Mittler |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11551275?page=51 | title='Das Kleinste Kaliber oder das zukünftige Infanteriegewehr. 1/2' - Viewer &#124; MDZ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZgjAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA370 |title=Monatshefte für Politik und Wehrmacht |date=1889 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3EOkkcEQPocC&pg=RA11-PP2 |title="Der" Kamerad Wien, 1862 - 1896: österreichisch-ungarische Wehr-Zeitung |date=1887 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQIq9P2NlNUC&pg=PA205 |title=Die Repetir-Gewehre: ihre Geschichte, Entwickelung, Einrichtung und Leistungsfähigkeit; unter besonderer Berücksichtigung amtlicher Schiessversuche und mit Benutzung von Originalwaffen dargestellt |date=1882 |publisher=Zernin |language=de}}</ref>

The use of full metal jacketing in military ammunition came about in part because of the need for improved feeding characteristics in small arms that used internal mechanical manipulation of the cartridge in order to chamber rounds as opposed to externally hand-reloading single-shot firearms. The harder metal used in bullet jackets was less prone to deformation than softer exposed lead, which improved feeding. That also allowed bullets to withstand much higher velocities caused by the decrease of the caliber.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ramage |first=C. Kenneth |title =Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook |publisher =Lyman Publications |edition =3rd |date =1980 |location =Middlefield, Connecticut |pages =27 & 28 }}</ref>

In addition to the various advantages afforded by FMJ rounds, the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907|Hague Convention]] of 1899, Declaration III, prohibits the use in international warfare of bullets that easily expand or flatten in the body.