Editing Fudan University (section)

== History ==

=== 1905–1917: college-preparatory school ===
The university traces its origins to Fudan College, established in 1905 by Chinese Jesuit priest [[Ma Xiangbo]]. Prior to founding Fudan, Ma had established [[Aurora University (Shanghai)|Aurora College]], where the [[Society of Jesus]] frequently opposed and intervened in student movements. This led Ma to create a new institution, Fudan College, as a preparatory school for higher education with government funding, offering three-year education for general or specialised tracks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis |last=Chai |first=Wenyu |title=General education in Chinese higher education: a case study of Fudan University |date=2013 |degree=PhD |publisher=The University of Hong Kong |hdl=10722/192827 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192827 |place=Pokfulam, Hong Kong}}</ref>{{Rp|page=58-60}} After the [[1911 Revolution]], Fudan continued to offer general rather than specialised education.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=63}}

=== 1917–1941: private university ===
Fudan became a private university in 1917, establishing specialised departments including Chinese literature, foreign literature, banking, business and administration, economics, politics, civil engineering and psychology.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=63}} In 1921, university preparatory education was ended and the university began to adopt an American-styled credit and elective system, per a national policy.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=69}} In 1928, Fudan was registered with the Ministry of Education of the newly founded Nationalist government. In 1929, the university was organised into four faculties, namely Liberal Arts, Science, Law and Commerce. In 1937, it moved to Chongqing due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=71}}

=== 1941–1949: national university ===
In 1941, with the approval from the Nationalist government, the university was transformed from a private university to a national university, which allowed the government to control Fudan's major posts, including the president, provost and dean. In early 1946, the university returned to Shanghai.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=71}} In China under Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang, Fudan University was tasked with providing a Western-style education to Chinese students to support the country's economic reconstruction efforts.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=75}}

=== 1949–1976: Mao Zedong era ===
In 1949, the university was taken over by the Shanghai Military Control Commission of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), as the CCP defeated the Kuomintang in the Chinese civil war.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=77}} By 1952, the CCP remodelled the Chinese higher education based on the Soviet model, leading to the inclusion of Communist ideology in Fudan's educational offerings.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=79}} Fudan was transformed into a Soviet-style comprehensive university, with departments of arts and science of other universities merged into Fudan, leaving Fudan the only university to provide basic science and arts in Shanghai.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=81}} In China under Mao Zedong, Fudan University was tasked with transmitting socialist values to further the agenda of the CCP.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=78}} During the Cultural Revolution, the teaching at Fudan was completely halted due to political turmoils.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=80}}

=== 1976 to present ===
In 2000, Fudan University merged with Shanghai Medical University, which was founded as the Fourth National Chungshan University School of Medicine in 1927, to form the new Fudan University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=复旦章程 |url=https://www.fudan.edu.cn/452/list.htm |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=www.fudan.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=复旦大学 |url=https://polymer.xmu.edu.cn/cmit/2020/0624/c18706a405687/page.htm |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=polymer.xmu.edu.cn}}</ref>

In December 2019, Fudan University changed its constitution, removing the phrase "academic independence and freedom of thought" (學術獨立和思想自由) and including a "pledge to follow the Communist party's leadership" (學校堅持中國共產黨的領導), leading to protests among the students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/12/article/students-protest-at-shanghais-fudan-university/|title=Students protest at Shanghai's Fudan University|website=[[Asia Times]]|date=19 December 2019|access-date=19 December 2019|quote=A video circulating this week showed students at Shanghai's Fudan University singing the school song – which extols "academic independence and freedom of thought" – in an apparent protest.{...}Besides removing "freedom of thought", the ministry adds to the charter "arming the minds of teachers and students with Xi Jinping's new era of socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics". It also obliges faculty and students to adhere to "core socialist values" and build a "harmonious" campus environment – a code phrase for the elimination of anti-government sentiment.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201912180210.aspx|script-title=zh:復旦大學章程刪除思想自由 學生唱校歌抗議要求學術獨立[影]|language=zh-tw|date=18 December 2019|access-date=19 December 2019|website=[[Central News Agency (Republic of China)|Central News Agency]]}}</ref> It also said that Fudan University had to "equip its teachers and employees" with "[[Xi Jinping Thought]]", leading to concerns about the diminishing academic freedom of Fudan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Freedom curbs raise academic collaboration uncertainty|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200110071137628|access-date=2020-06-30|website=University World News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinese Universities Are Enshrining Communist Party Control In Their Charters|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/20/796377204/chinese-universities-are-enshrining-communist-party-control-in-their-charters|access-date=2020-06-30|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref>

The university set up a 1 billion yuan fund of funds for start up innovation in 2023 as well as launching what it claims to be China’s largest cloud-based scientific research computing platform CFFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Fudan University sets up billion-yuan FoF for technology innovation |url=https://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/fudan-university-fund-of-funds-373848 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=DealStreetAsia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandaily |date=2023-06-27 |title=Fudan University Launches China's Largest Cloud-based Scientific Research Computing Platform CFFF |url=https://pandaily.com/fudan-university-launches-chinas-largest-cloud-based-scientific-research-computing-platform-cfff/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pandaily |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Fourth Orbán Government|Hungarian government]] made an agreement to open the first campus of Fudan University outside China in [[Budapest]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://index.hu/belfold/2020/09/17/mar_2024-ben_megnyilhat_a_hires_sanghaji_fudan_egyetem_budapesti_campusa/ |title=2024-ben megnyílhat a sanghaji Fudan Egyetem budapesti campusa |date=2020-09-17 |accessdate=2021-06-15|language=hu|publisher=[[Index.hu]]}}</ref> The expansion would cost 540 billion HUF, of which 450 billion would be paid by the Hungarian state from a Chinese loan. The construction would be mainly done by Chinese companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://index.hu/belfold/2021/04/06/elitegyetem-magyarorszag-kina-fudan-kemkedes-korrupcio-gigaberuhazas/|title=Egyre közelebb a kínai sztáregyetem Budapesthez|publisher=[[Index.hu]]|author=Balogh Krisztina|date=2021-04-06|accessdate=2021-06-15|language=hu}}</ref> Hungarian education professionals and politicians denounced the investment, citing economics, higher education and national security concerns.<ref name=Telex>{{cite web|url=https://telex.hu/belfold/2021/04/12/parlament-fudan-egyetem-kina-ungar-peter-schanda-tamas|title=Kínai titkosügynökökről kérdezett Ungár a parlamentben, az államtitkár szerint büszkék lehetünk, hogy a Fudan minket választott|publisher=[[Telex.hu]]|author=Bozzay Balázs|date=2021-04-12|accessdate=2021-06-15|language=hu}}</ref>