Editing Fredrika Bremer (section)

==Early life==
Fredrika Bremer was born into a [[Swedish-speaking Finn]]ish<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dagen.se/kultur/2001/04/24/fredrika-bremer-en-kristen-kampe/ |title=Fredrika Bremer en kristen kämpe |date=24 April 2001 |website=[[Dagen (Swedish newspaper)|Dagen]] |language=sv |access-date=22 September 2021 |quote=Fredrika Bremer växte upp i en högborgerlig, välbeställd finlandssvensk familj}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://biografiasampo.fi/henkilo/p827 |title=Fredrika Bremer |author-link=:fi:Katri Lehto |author=Lehto, Katri |date=11 October 2000 |website=Biografiasampo |language=fi |access-date=22 September 2021 |quote=Myös Fredrika Bremerin äiti Birgitta Charlotta Hollström oli suomalaista sukua. Kirjailija itsekin tiettävästi viittasi toisinaan "suomalaiseen sitkeyteensä ja itsepäisyyteensä"}}</ref> family on 17 August 1801{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=494}} at [[Tuorla, Finland|Tuorla]] Manor in [[Piikkiö]] Parish outside of [[Turku]] in present-day [[Finland]], which at the time was part of the [[Kingdom of Sweden]].{{sfnp|''SBL''|1906|p=136}} She was the second daughter of five and the second child of seven of {{ill|Carl Fredrik Bremer|sv|Carl Fredric Bremer}} (1770–1830) and Birgitta Charlotta Hollström (1777–1855).{{sfnp|''SBL''|1906|p=136}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Only one brother, however, survived to adulthood.{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=35}}}} Her grandparents [[Jacob Bremer|Jacob]] and [[Ulrika Fredrika Bremer]] had built up one of the largest business empires in Finland but, upon his mother's death in 1798, Carl liquidated their holdings. A few years later, the [[Finnish War|Finnish theater]] of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] would see Finland annexed to [[Russian Empire|Russia]] and made into the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]]. When Fredrika was three years old, the family moved to [[Stockholm]]. The next year, they purchased [[Årsta Castle]], about {{convert|20|mi|sp=us}} distant from the capital. Fredrika passed the next two decades of her life{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=495}} summering there{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=35}} and at another nearby estate owned by her father,{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=495}} spending winter in the family's Stockholm apartment.{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=35}}

Fredrika and her sisters were raised to marry and became socialites and hostesses within the upper class like their own French-trained mother. They were given the education then conventional for girls of their class in Sweden, with private tutors followed by a family trip through [[German Confederation|Germany]], Switzerland, [[Bourbon Restoration in France|France]], and [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|the Netherlands]] in 1821 and 1822 before their [[debutante|social debut]]s.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=495}}{{sfnp|''ASQ''|1864|p=54}} She was a talented [[Portrait miniature|miniaturist]] and studied [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], and [[German language|German]].{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=36}} She later recounted that she kept a diary for a few years as a girl—"a kind of moral account-current, in which each day was entered, with a short observation of ''good'', or ''bad'', or ''middling''"—but, as the yearly totals always showed the middling days' totals to be greatest, she tired of it and thereafter only kept them while traveling as notes for others.<ref>{{citation <!--|last=Bremer |first=Fredrika -->|contribution=To My Reader |title=Two Years in Switzerland and Italy<!--, ''Vol. I''--> |url=https://archive.org/stream/twoyearsinswitz00bremgoog#page/n5/mode/2up |pages=[https://archive.org/stream/twoyearsinswitz00bremgoog#page/n7/mode/2up v–vi] <!--|pages=v–viii |publisher=Hurst & Blackett |location=London--> |date=1861 }}</ref> Bremer found the limited and passive family life of Swedish women of her time suffocating and frustrating{{sfnp|''SBL''|1926}} and her own education was unusually strict,{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=495}} with rigid timetables governing her days.{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=35}} She described her family as "under the oppression of a male iron hand":{{sfnp|''SBL''|1926}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|{{langx|sv|"under förtrycket av en manlig järnhand"}}.{{sfnp|''SBL''|1926}}}} While in Stockholm, the girls were forbidden from playing outside and took their exercise by jumping up and down while holding onto the backs of chairs.{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=35}} She wrote [[French poetry]] as early as the age of eight, but considered her time in Paris disappointing because of her father's bad temper.{{sfnp|''SBL''|1926}} She was considered awkward and rebellious throughout her childhood;{{sfnp|''SBL''|1926}} and one of her sisters later wrote of how she enjoyed cutting off parts of her dresses and curtains and throwing things into the fire to watch them burn.{{sfnp|Forsås-Scott|1997|p=36}}