Editing Fred Zinnemann (section)

==Early life==
{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = Cornsilk|quote=In Austria, discrimination had been part of life since time immemorial. It was always there, oppressive, often snide, sometimes hostile, seldom violent. It was in the air and one sensed it at all levels, in school, at work and in society. A Jew was an outsider, a threat to the country's culture. Born in [[Austria-Hungary]] (now [[Poland]]), and raised as an Austrian, he would still never truly belong.|source= —Fred Zinnemann<ref name=Zinnemann/>{{rp|11}}}}
Zinnemann was born in [[Rzeszów]],<ref name="rzenews">{{cite web |title=Fred Zinnemann will return to Rzeszów. In August for an extraordinary film festival |url=http://rzeszow-news.pl/fred-zinnemann-wroci-do-rzeszowa-w-sierpniu-na-niezwykly-filmowy-festiwal/ |website=rzeszow-news |date=July 12, 2018 |access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref><ref name="forbes22">{{cite web |title=The Immigrant who Directed The American Classic High Noon |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2018/09/07/the-immigrant-who-directed-the-american-classic-high-noon/ |work=Forbes |access-date=October 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Fred Zinnemann never mentioned his native Rzeszów? |url=http://www.biznesistyl.pl/ludzie/sylwetki/7293_fred-zinnemann-nigdy-nie-wspominal-o-rodzinnym-rzeszowie.html |website=biznesistyl |date=August 16, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://szukajwarchiwach.pl/59/533/0/-/72/skan/full/TDq-ZPkV34DdrvisxIldFA|title=Civil Registration Book of Jewish Children in Rzeszów 1906–1909|date=1909|publisher=National Records Office in Rzeszów|access-date=August 26, 2018|via=Archival resources online|archive-date=October 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030233234/https://szukajwarchiwach.pl/59/533/0/-/72/skan/full/TDq-ZPkV34DdrvisxIldFA|url-status=dead}}</ref> the son of Anna (Feiwel) and Oskar Zinnemann, a doctor.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gvFkAAAAMAAJ|title=My Life in the Movies: An Autobiography|first=Fred|last=Zinnemann|date=August 3, 1992|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|access-date=August 3, 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9780684190501}} pages 48-49</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiK_3d6a7DQC&pg=PR17|title=Fred Zinnemann: Interviews|first=Fred|last=Zinnemann|date=August 3, 2018|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|access-date=August 3, 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9781578066988}}</ref> His parents were [[History of the Jews in Austria|Austrian Jews]].<ref name=Hillstrom/><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/proms/10233613/The-music-behind-Hollywoods-golden-age.html the London telegraph: "The music behind Hollywood's golden age – As the Proms pays tribute to Hollywood's golden age, Tim Robey looks at the composers who redefined the film score"] By Tim Robey. August 24, 2013.</ref> He had one younger brother.

Zinnemann grew up in [[Vienna]] during the [[First World War]], during much of which his father was serving as a combat medic with the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]] on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]]. Zinnemann later recalled that his father was [[PTSD|severely traumatized]] by his war experiences and often suffered from nightmares.<ref> Fred Zinnemann (1992), ''A Life in the Movies: An Autobiography'', Charles Scribner Sons. Pages 7–8.</ref>

While growing up in the [[First Austrian Republic]], which had been formed as a [[rump state]] of a fallen Empire in 1918 and which he later described as, "a tiny, defeated, impoverished country",<ref> Fred Zinnemann (1992), ''A Life in the Movies: An Autobiography'', Charles Scribner Sons. Page 7.</ref> Zinnemann wanted to become a musician, but went on to graduate with a law degree from the [[University of Vienna]] in 1927.<ref name=Hillstrom/>

While studying law, he became drawn to films and convinced his parents to let him study film production in the [[Third French Republic]]. After studying for a year at the [[Ecole Technique de Photographie et Cinématographie]] in Paris, Zinnemann became a [[cinematographer|cameraman]] and found work on a number of films being made at [[Babelsberg Studio]] in Berlin, during the [[Weimar Republic]], before emigrating to the United States.<ref name=Hillstrom/> Both of Zinnemann's parents, whom he later described as nostalgic for the days of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]], came back to [[Poland]] after [[Anschluss]] where later they were murdered by Germans during the [[Holocaust]]. Up until their death Zimmerman was exchanging letters with them, all written in Polish.<ref name=Nolletti/>{{rp|86}}