Editing Frank Gehry (section)

==Early life==
[[File:Gehry House - Image02.jpg|thumb|[[Gehry Residence]] in [[Santa Monica]],California ]]

Frank Owen Gehry was born Frank Owen Goldberg on February 28, 1929, in [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Filler |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Filler |url=https://archive.org/details/makersofmodernar0000unse |title=Makers of Modern Architecture |publisher=New York Review Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-59017-227-8 |page=170 |oclc=82172814 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryarch00muri/ |title=Contemporary Architects |publisher=[[St. James Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=1-55862-182-2 |editor-last=Emanuel |editor-first=Muriel |edition=3rd |location= |pages=341–343 |oclc=30816307 |url-access=registration}}</ref> to parents Sadie Thelma (née Kaplanski/Caplan) and Irving Goldberg.<ref name="The Essential 1" /> His American father was born in [[New York City]] to [[Russian Jewish|Russian-Jewish]] parents, and his [[Polish-Jewish]] mother was an immigrant born in [[Łódź|Łódź, Poland]].<ref name=fdnr1>''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', February 2, 2016, [[PBS]]</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Green, Peter S. |url= http://isurvived.org/InTheNews/JewishMuseum-Poland.html |title=In the News: Warsaw Jewish Museum In Poland |date=June 30, 2005|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2011-08-30}}</ref><ref>Gorin, Abbott (Spring 2015) [https://jewishcurrents.org/a-golden-age-of-jewish-architects/ "A Golden Age of Jewish Architects"] ''[[Jewish Currents]]''. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> A creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother, Leah Caplan,<ref>Ouroussoff, Nicolai (October 25, 1998) [https://articles.latimes.com/1998/oct/25/magazine/tm-35829/2 "I'm Frank Gehry, and This Is How I See the World"]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-oct-25-tm-35829-story.html  ''[[Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times Magazine]]''</ref> with whom he built little cities out of scraps of wood.<ref name=SalonTempler>{{cite news| author=Templer, Karen |title=Frank Gehry| url=http://www.salon.com/1999/10/05/gehry/| newspaper =[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]| date=December 5, 1999 |access-date=2007-08-25}}</ref> With these scraps from her husband's hardware store, she entertained him for hours, building imaginary houses and futuristic cities on the living room floor.<ref name="The Essential 1" />

Gehry's use of [[corrugated steel]], [[chain-link fencing]], unpainted [[plywood]], and other utilitarian or "everyday" materials was partly inspired by spending Saturday mornings at his grandfather's hardware store. He spent time drawing with his father, and his mother introduced him to the world of art. "So the creative genes were there", Gehry says. "But my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasn't gonna amount to anything. It was my mother who thought I was just reticent to do things. She would push me."<ref>{{cite news |first1=Richard |last1=Lacayo |first2=Daniel S. |last2=Levy |title=Architecture: The Frank Gehry Experience |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=June 26, 2000 |volume=155 |issue=26 |page=64 |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997295,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105190123/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C997295%2C00.html |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was given the [[Hebrew name]] "Ephraim" by his grandfather, but used it only at his [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|bar mitzvah]].<ref name="clear">{{Cite news |last1=Reinhart |first1=Anthony |date=2010-07-28 |title=Frank Gehry clears the air on fishy inspiration |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/article4353512/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731085207/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto/frank-gehry-clears-the-air-on-fishy-inspiration/article1655311/ |archive-date=2010-07-31 |id={{ProQuest|2385608064}}}}</ref> In 1954, Gehry changed his surname from Goldberg to Gehry, after his then-wife Anita expressed concern about [[antisemitism]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Verge |first=Stéphanie |date=July 2022 |title=Frank Talk |url=https://torontolife.com/real-estate/frank-gehry-has-a-few-things-to-get-off-his-chest/ |magazine=[[Toronto Life]] |quote=Gehry's a phony name—I changed it in 1954 because my ex-wife was worried about antisemitism and thought it sounded less Jewish. |quote-page=55}}</ref>

===Education===
In 1947, Gehry's family immigrated to the United States, settling in California. He got a job driving a delivery truck and studied at [[Los Angeles City College]].

According to Gehry, "I was a [[truck driver]] in L.A., going to City College, and I tried radio announcing, which I wasn't very good at. I tried chemical engineering, which I wasn't very good at and didn't like, and then I remembered. You know, somehow I just started wracking my brain about, 'What do I like?' Where was I? What made me excited? And I remembered art, that I loved going to museums and I loved looking at paintings, loved listening to music. Those things came from my mother, who took me to concerts and museums. I remembered Grandma and the blocks, and just on a hunch, I tried some architecture classes."<ref name="achievement">{{cite web|url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/#interview|title=Biography and Video Interview of Frank Gehry at Academy of Achievement|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]}}</ref> 

Gehry went on to graduate from the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[USC School of Architecture|School of Architecture]] in 1954, where his professors included [[William Pereira]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Hess, Alan |date=June 30, 2014 |title=Erasing Pereira |url=https://orangecoast.com/news/erasing-pereira |access-date=3 April 2025 |publisher=Orange Coast Magazine}}</ref> During that time, he became a member of [[Alpha Epsilon Pi]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Engel, Eliot L. |date=August 2, 2013 |title=Congratulating the Alpha Epsilon Pi International Fraternity |url=https://votesmart.org/public-statement/804062/congratulating-the-alpha-epsilon-pi-international-fraternity |access-date=12 January 2020 |publisher=Capitol Words}}</ref><ref>Schoenberg, Jeremy (January 18, 2011) [https://news.usc.edu/28496/architect-frank-gehry-named-judge-widney-professor/ "Architect Frank Gehry Named Judge Widney Professor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023154758/https://news.usc.edu/28496/architect-frank-gehry-named-judge-widney-professor/ |date=October 23, 2022 }} ''USC News''</ref>  He then spent time away from architecture in numerous other jobs, including service in the [[United States Army]].<ref name=SalonTempler /> In the fall of 1956, he moved his family to [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], where he studied [[city planning]] at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Harvard Graduate School of Design|Graduate School of Design]]. Gehry had always expressed an socialist philosophy for architecture, something that was influenced by political views as he expressed a more leftist attitude to the world. These progressive ideas about socially responsible architecture were under-realized and not respected by his professors at Harvard, leaving him to feel disheartened and "underwhelmed".<ref name="Isenberg2012">{{cite book|last=Isenberg|first=Barbara|title=Conversations with Frank Gehry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d44jpzp3PzQC&pg=PA40|year=2012|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|pages=40–43|isbn=978-0-307-95972-0}}</ref> Gehry's distaste for the school culminated after he was invited by his architecture professor to engage in a discussion revolving around a "secret architectural project in progress." Which was ultimately revealed to Gehry as a palace that he was designing for Cuban dictator [[Fulgencio Batista]].<ref name="The Essential 1">{{cite book|last=Chollet|first=Laurence B.|title=The Essential Frank O. Gehry|year=2001|publisher=The Wonderland Press|location=New York|isbn=0-8109-5829-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/essentialfrankog00laur/page/112 112]|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialfrankog00laur/page/112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Debika |date=2020-02-27 |title=As architect Frank Gehry turns 90 years old we look back at his prolific career |url=https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/architect-frank-gehry-turns-90 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=ICON Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref>