Editing Fourth Council of the Lateran (section)

==Background==
Innocent III first mooted organizing an ecumenical council in November 1199.{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=58}} In his letter titled {{lang|la|Vineam Domini}}, dated 19 April 1213,{{Sfn|Jones|2015|p=122}} the Pope writes of the urgent need to recover the [[Holy Land]] and reform the Church.{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=57}} The letter, which also served as a summons to an [[ecumenical council]], was included alongside the Pope's papal bull {{lang|la|[[Quia maior]]}}.{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|p=58}} In preparing for the council, the Pope spearheaded the extensive refurbishment of the [[old St. Peter's Basilica]], which he designated as the "centrepiece for display and decoration" during the council. The [[lunette]] of the main door leading to the tomb of St. Peter had engravings of Old Testament prophets and 24 bishops, alongside the messages, "Feed your Sheep" and "This is the Door of the Sheep".{{Sfn|Bolton|1995|pp=56–57}}

The measures against the Jews were the culmination of hostility during Innocent's reign as Pope, itself informed by a background of greater hostility to the Jews generated in part by the Crusades.{{sfn|Cohen|2022|p=184-5}} Innocent for example waged a novel campaign against the Talmud as part of the campaign against heresy, claiming that the Talmud was an invention of the Rabbis, and the Jews should be restricted to using Biblical texts for their faith. This was the first time that the Catholic church had tried to directly regulate the practice of Judaism.{{sfn|Cohen|2022|pp=189-91}}